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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822634
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Optimierung der Epilepsietherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Lamotrigin
Optimizing Epilepsy Therapy in Children and Adolescents with LamotriginePublication History
Publication Date:
18 May 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Lamotrigin ist ein breit wirksames Antiepileptikum zur Mono- und Zusatztherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit fokalen und generalisierten Epilepsien. Von einer Reihe von Epileptologen wird Lamotrigin wegen der guten Verträglichkeit (keine Gewichtszunahme, keine Beeinträchtigung der Kognition, nach neuen Daten wahrscheinlich keine teratogenenen Eigenschaften in Monotherapie) gerade bei älteren Schulkindern und Jugendlichen als ein Mittel der 1. Wahl angesehen. Bei zahlreichen Epilepsiekrankheiten, wie z. B. der tuberösen Hirnsklerose, der juvenilen neuronalen Ceroidlipofuszinose und dem Rett-Syndrom, ist Lamotrigin mit gutem Erfolg anwendbar. Die Wirksamkeit von Lamotrigin nimmt im Laufe der Langzeithandlung nicht ab. Erste Studien zeigen, dass Lamotrigin auch bei Kindern vor dem 2. Lebensjahr gut wirksam und verträglich ist. Bei der Behandlung schwieriger Epilepsien hat sich die Kombination von Lamotrigin mit Valproat als besonders günstig erwiesen, dieser klinischen Beobachtung entsprechen neue tierexperimentelle Ergebnisse. Als häufigste dosisabhängige Nebenwirkungen von Lamotrigin finden sich die typischen ZNS-Nebenwirkungen Schwindel, Ataxie, Übelkeit, Tremor und Doppeltsehen. Die vor 1998 besonders häufig aufgetretenen allergischen Exantheme kommen durch geänderte Eindosierungsrichtlinien heute nicht mehr häufiger vor als bei konventionellen Antiepileptika. Lamotrigin beeinflusst die kognitiven Fähigkeiten, insbesondere Gedächtnis und Sprachfunktionen nicht negativ, es hat stimmungsaufhellende und die Lebensqualität verbessernde Eigenschaften. In tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen wirkt Lamotrigin antiepileptogen und neuroprotektiv.
Abstract
Lamotrigine is a broadly effective antiepileptic drug in mono- and add-on therapy for children and adolescents with focal and generalized epilepsies. Some epileptologists consider lamotrigine as the drug of primary choice in older school children and adolescents because of its good tolerability (no increase of body weight, no impairment of cognitive functions, due to new data probably no teratogenic properties). Lamotrigine can be used with good efficacy in numerable epilepsy diseases, such as tuberous sclerosis, juvenile neuronal lipofuscinosis and Rett syndrome. The first studies show that lamotrigine is also effective in children under 2 years of age. For therapy of difficult-to-treat epilepsies the combination of lamotrigine with valproate has proved as especially useful. This clinical observation is supported by new results of animal experiments. The dose-dependant and typical CNS side effects vertigo, ataxia, nausea, tremor and diplopia are found most frequently. The rate of allergic skin rashes which was very high before 1998 has decreased markedly by new dosage guidelines and is now as low as in older antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine does not impair cognitive functions, especially not memory and language. It has mood-stabilizing features and may improve quality of life. In animal experiments lamotrigine shows antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects.
Schlüsselwörter
Epilepsie - Antiepileptika - Kindesalter - Lamotrigin
Key words
Epilepsy - antiepileptic drugs - childhood - lamotrigine
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Prof. Dr. med. Hartmut Siemes
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Email: hartmut.siemes@t-online.de