Anti-HIV-1 Cycloartanes from Leaves and Twigs of Gardenia thailandica

Abstract

Thailandiol (1), gardenolic acid A (2), quadrangularic acid E (3) and 3β-hydroxy-5α-cycloart-24(31)-en-28-oic acid (4) have been isolated from the leaves and twigs of Gardenia thailandica Tirveng (order: Rubiales; family: Rubiaceae). In addition, 5-hydroxy-7,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-hexamethoxyflavone (5), 5,7-dihydroxy-2′,3′, 4′,5′,6′-pentamethoxyflavone (6), 5-hydroxy-7,2′,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (7) and 5,7-dihydroxy-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetramethoxyflavone (8) were also isolated from the same source. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Crude extracts and compounds 1 - 4 displayed anti-HIV-1 activities as determined by using the ^{Δ Tat/Rev}MC99 virus and 1A2 cell line system. The EC₅₀ values determined by the syncytium assay ranged from < 7.8 to 110 μg/mL. They also exhibited moderate to high activities in reverse transcriptase (RT) assay; the IC₅₀ values of compounds 1 - 4, ranged from < 22.5 to 156.8 μg/mL.

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