Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Inzidenz neuroendokriner Tumoren (NET) wird mit 0,5, die von gastrointestinalen Stromatumoren (GIST) mit 1 - 2 pro 100 000 Einwohnern und Jahr angegeben. Die Neurofibromatose (NF) tritt einmal je 3000 Geburten auf. Alle drei Erkrankungen sind selten, die hier beschriebene Koinzidenz ist einzigartig. Fallbeschreibung: Wir berichten über eine 43-jährige Patientin, die durch eine sechsmonatige Anamnese mit krampfartigen Bauchschmerzen, dann Meläna und Hämatochezie auffällig wurde, ohne dass eine diagnostische Abklärung erfolgt wäre. Schließlich wurde die Patientin in komatösem Zustand vom Ehemann aufgefunden. Es erfolgte die Klinikeinweisung vom Notarzt. In der Ösophago-Gastroduodenoskopie (ÖGD) zeigte sich eine unklare Blutung im Bereich des Zwölffingerdarmes, wobei die Blutungsquelle nicht genau lokalisierbar war und die Duodenalpapille verplumpt erschien. Im CT-Abdomen fand sich der Nachweis von zwei Tumoren: 3 cm groß im Duodenum/Pankreaskopf, 2 cm groß distal, unweit des Treitz’schen Bandes. Bei rekurrenter Blutung im Bereich der periampullären Region erfolgte die angiographische Embolisation der A. gastroduodenalis. Über Nacht entwickelte die Patientin eine fulminante Blutung auf Hämoglobinwerte von 3,5 g%. Es erfolgte die Notfall-Laparotomie mit Exploration und Durchführung einer pyloruserhaltenden Whipple‘schen Operation. Postoperative Diagnose: 1. blutender gastrointestinaler Stromatumor 20 cm distal des Treitz’schen Bandes, 2. neuroendokrines Karzinom des Duodenums mit Infiltration des Pankreas. Schlussfolgerung: Der beschriebene Fall stellt die erste Darstellung der Koinzidenz eines duodenalen neuroendokrinen Karzinoms mit einem blutenden jejunalen gastrointestinalen Stromatumor bei Neurofibromatose dar, welcher konsekutiv zu einem hämorrhagischen Schock führte. Bei geringem Proliferationsindex der Tumoren gilt die Patientin durch die Operation als primär behandelt. Tumoradaptierte Verlaufskontrollen sind angezeigt. Bei Neurofibromatose - auch bei bisher asymptomatischem Verlauf - ist an die erhöhte Inzidenz der Entwicklung tumoröser Veränderungen, und zwar insbesondere im Gastrointestinaltrakt, zu denken.
Abstract
Background: The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is 0.5 and 1 - 2 in 100,000; the prevalence of neurofibromatosis is 1 in 3000 live births in Western countries. Case Report: A 43-year-old white woman with a six-month history of meleana, paleness, vertigo and fatigue was not referred to any gastrointestinal doctor for diagnostic work-up. Finally, she collapsed and was admitted to hospital because of an acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopically the source of bleeding could not be localized while blood in the duodenum and proximal jejunum was demonstrable. The source of bleeding could not be identified by endoscopy, CT scan or angiography. The patient developed a fulminant gastrointestinal hemorrhage with hemoglobin levels below 3.5 g%. An emergency laparotomy and pylorus-preventing Whipple operation was performed. Pathological studies showed a GIST with 3.5 cm diameter of the proximal jejunum which was the source of bleeding. Coincidentally a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the duodenum was found. Conclusion: This case is the first presentation of the coincidence of a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the duodenum with a jejunal bleeding gastrointestinal stromal tumor in neurofibromatosis type1 which led to hemorrhagic shock. In neurofibromatosis - even if non-symptomatic - the increased incidence of tumor needs to be considered.
Schlüsselwörter
GIST - NET - NF - GI-Blutung
Key words
GIST - NET - NF - hemorrhage
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Dr. med. Klaus Kramer
Klinik für Chirurgie I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
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