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Semin Thromb Hemost 2003; 29(4): 391-404
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42589
Copyright © 2003 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.: +1(212) 584-4662

Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Childhood

C. Heleen van Ommen1 , Marjolein Peters2
  • 1Professor, Department of Pediatric Hematology Emma Children's Hospital AMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 2Department of Pediatric Hematology Emma Children's Hospital AMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
30 September 2003 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Venous thrombosis is an uncommon disorder in childhood with an incidence of about 1 in 100,000 children (ages 0 to 18 years). Multiple clinical underlying conditions as well as congenital prothrombotic disorders contribute to the development of pediatric venous thromboembolic disease. The majority of thrombi are catheter-related and therefore situated in the upper venous system. Diagnosis of thrombosis in either the upper or lower venous system is most frequently made by noninvasive radiographic techniques, especially ultrasonography. Children are treated according to recommendations based on small pediatric studies and guidelines adapted from adult patient protocols. The long-term complications, including mortality, recurrence, and the post-thrombotic syndrome, seem to be considerable. Because the incidence of pediatric venous thrombosis will probably rise due to the increased use of central venous catheters and the increased survival of children with chronic diseases associated with a prothrombotic state, prevention of this disease will become an important issue.

KEYWORDS

Thrombosis - pediatrics - thrombophilia - anticoagulation - outcome

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