Int J Sports Med 2002; 23(5): 353-360
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33143
Training and Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Upon Recovery Time During High Intensity, Repetitive Sprint Activity

L.  M.  Romer1 , A.  K.  McConnell2 , D.  A.  Jones1
  • 1Sports Medicine and Human Performance Unit, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
  • 2Department of Sport Sciences, Brunel University, Osterley Campus Isleworth, Middlesex, UK
Further Information

Publication History



Accepted after revision: 9. November 2001

Publication Date:
16 August 2002 (online)

Abstract

The present study examined the influence of specific inspiratory muscle training (IMT) upon recovery time during repetitive sprint activity, as well as the physiological and perceptual responses to fixed intensity shuttle running. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 24 male repetitive sprint athletes were assigned randomly to either an IMT (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12) group. The self-selected recovery time during a repetitive sprint test and the physiological response to submaximal endurance exercise were determined. Following completion of baseline and pre-intervention measures, the IMT group performed 30 inspiratory efforts twice daily against a resistance equivalent to 50 % maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP) for 6 wk. The placebo group performed 60 breaths once daily, for 6 wk, at a resistance equivalent to 15 % MIP, a load known to elicit negligible changes in respiratory muscle function. The IMT group improved total recovery time during the repetitive sprint test by 6.2 ± 1.1 % (mean ± SEM) above the changes noted for the placebo group (p = 0.006). Blood lactate and perceptual responses to submaximal exercise were also significantly attenuated following IMT (p ≤ 0.01). These data support existing evidence that specific IMT attenuates the blood lactate and perceptual responses to submaximal endurance exercise. In addition, the present study provides new evidence that IMT improves recovery time during high intensity, intermittent exercise in repetitive sprint athletes.

References

  • 1 ACCP/AACVPR . Pulmonary Rehabilitation Guidelines Panel. Pulmonary rehabilitation.  Chest. 1997;  112 1363-1396
  • 2 Borg G (ed). Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign; Human Kinetics 1998: 44-52
  • 3 Boutellier U, Piwko P. The respiratory system as an exercise limiting factor in normal sedentary subjects.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1992;  64 145-152
  • 4 Boutellier U, Büchel R, Kundert A, Spengler C. The respiratory system as an exercise limiting factor in normal trained subjects.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1992;  65 347-353
  • 5 Caine M P, McConnell A K. Pressure threshold inspiratory muscle training improves submaximal cycling performance. In: Sargeant A, Siddons H (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science. Manchester; Health Care Development 1998: 101
  • 6 Caine M P, McConnell A K. The inspiratory muscles can be trained differentially to increase strength or endurance using a pressure threshold, inspiratory muscle training device.  Eur Respir J. 1998;  12 58-59
  • 7 Caine M P, McConnell A K. Development and evaluation of a pressure threshold inspiratory muscle trainer for use in the context of sports performance.  Sports Eng. 2000;  3 149-159
  • 8 Capriotti P V, Sherman W M, Lamb D R. Reliability of power output during intermittent high-intensity cycling.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;  31 913-915
  • 9 Chen H, Martin B. The effects of inspiratory muscle training on exercise performance in normal subjects.  Physiologist. 1983;  26 A99
  • 10 Cooper S J, Coates J C, Wardrobe-Wong N, Reed J W. Effects of respiratory muscle training on breathlessness during exercise in healthy young adults.  J Physiol (Lond). 1999;  520P 57P
  • 11 Copestake A J, McConnell A K. Inspiratory muscle training reduces exertional breathlessness in healthy elderly men and women. Proceedings of the II EGREPA International Conference on Physical Activity and Health in the Elderly. Stirling, Scotland ; University of Stirling 1995: 150
  • 12 Durnin J V G A, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years.  Br J Nutr. 1974;  32 77-97
  • 13 El-Manshawi A, Killian K J, Summers E, Jones N L. Breathlessness during exercise with and without resistive loading.  J Appl Physiol. 1986;  61 896-905
  • 14 Fitzsimons M, Dawson B, Ward D, Wilkinson A. Cycling and running tests of repeated sprint ability.  Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1993;  25 82-87
  • 15 Furian T C, Hirschberg C, Ritthaler F. Improvement of the aerobic endurance after training the muscles of respiration with a latex band around the chest.  Int J Sports Med. 1998;  19 S15
  • 16 Gandevia S C, Killian K J, Campbell E J. The effect of respiratory muscle fatigue on respiratory sensation.  Clin Sci. 1981;  60 463-466
  • 17 Haas F, Haas A. Effect of inspiratory muscle training in healthy subjects.  FASEB J. 1981;  40 540
  • 18 Harms C A, Wetter T J, St. Croix C M, Pegelow D F, Dempsey J A. Effects of respiratory muscle work on exercise performance.  J Appl Physiol. 2000;  89 43-52
  • 19 Inbar O, Weiner P, Azgad Y, Rotstein A, Weinstein Y. Specific inspiratory muscle training in well-trained endurance athletes.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;  32 1233-1237
  • 20 Jones N L. Dyspnea during exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984;  16 14-19
  • 21 Kellerman B A, Martin A D, Davenport P W. Inspiratory strengthening effect on resistive load detection and magnitude estimation.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;  32 1859-1867
  • 22 Killian K J, Summers E, Jones N L, Campbell E JM. Dyspnea and leg effort during incremental cycle ergometry.  Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;  145 1339-1345
  • 23 Kostka C E, Cafarelli E. Effect of pH on sensation and vastus lateralis electromyogram during cycling exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1982;  52 1181-1185
  • 24 Leger L A, Lambert J. A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle test to predict V˙O2max.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1982;  49 1-12
  • 25 Maillard J O, Burdet L, van Melle G, Fitting J W. Reproducibility of twitch mouth pressure, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, and maximal inspiratory pressure.  Eur Respir J. 1998;  11 901-905
  • 26 Quanjer P H, Tammeling G J, Cotes J E, Pederson O F, Peslin R, Yernault J C. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows.  Eur Respir J. 1993;  6 5-40
  • 27 Redline S, Gottfried S B, Altose M D. Effects of changes in inspiratory muscle strength on the sensation of respiratory force.  J Appl Physiol. 1991;  70 240-245
  • 28 Siri W E. The gross composition of the body. In: Tobias CA, Lawrence JH (eds) Advances in Biological and Medical Physics. New York; Academic Press 1956: 239-280
  • 29 Spengler C M, Lenzin C, Stussi C, Markov G, Boutellier U. Decreased perceived respiratory exertion during exercise after respiratory endurance training.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;  157 A782
  • 30 Spengler C M, Roos M, Laube S M, Boutellier U. Decreased exercise blood lactate concentrations after respiratory endurance training in humans.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1999;  79 299-305
  • 31 Stevens J C, Krimsley A. Build-up of fatigue in static work: Role of blood flow. In: Borg G (ed) Physical Work and Effort. New York; Pergamon Press 1977: 145-156
  • 32 Suzuki S, Sato M, Okubo T. Expiratory muscle training and sensation of respiratory effort during exercise in normal subjects.  Thorax. 1995;  50 366-370
  • 33 Tzelepis G E, Vega D L, Cohen M E, Fulambarker A M, Patel K K, McCool F D. Pressure-flow specificity of inspiratory muscle training.  J Appl Physiol. 1994;  77 795-801
  • 34 Volianitis S, McConnell A K, Koutedakis Y, McNaughton L, Backx K, Jones D A. Inspiratory muscle training improves rowing performance.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;  33 803-809
  • 35 Winkler G, Zifko U, Nader A, Frank W, Zwick H, Toifl K, Wanke T. Dose-dependent effects of inspiratory muscle training in neuromuscular disorders.  Muscle Nerve. 2000;  23 1257-1260

L. M. Romer

John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine · Department of Preventive Medicine · University of Wisconsin

504 Walnut Street · Madison · WI 53705 2397 · USA ·

Phone: +1 (608) 265 2085

Fax: +1 (608) 262 8235

Email: romerlm@hotmail.com