Chloroplast DNA Variation and Biogeography in the Genus Rorippa Scop. (Brassicaceae)

W. Bleeker; C. Weber-Sparenberg; H. Hurka

doi:10.1055/s-2002-20442

Plant Biology, Table of Contents

Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2002; 4(1): 104-111
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-20442

Original Paper

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Chloroplast DNA Variation and Biogeography in the Genus Rorippa Scop. (Brassicaceae)

W. Bleeker, C. Weber-Sparenberg, H. Hurka

Department of Systematic Botany, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of 25 Rorippa species were studied using sequences of two non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA (trnL intron, trnL/F spacer). Our results indicate a close relationship between European (R. islandica ssp. islandica, R. pyrenaica) and North American (R. curvipes, R. sinuata) mountain species. The polyploid European lowland species R. amphibia, R. palustris and R. sylvestris are much younger than the mountain species and have their closest relatives in western Asia and Siberia. Different colonization routes of the southern hemisphere are discussed for Rorippa. Australasia was colonized at least twice, most likely via the Malayan route. A molecular clock approach dates the first colonization to the end of Pliocene or early Pleistocene. R. gigantea reached Australia later in the Pleistocene. Our data provide evidence for an amphitropical disjunction between the South American (R. philippiana) and North American (R. curvisiliqua) species. Long-distance dispersal via migrating birds is the most likely explanation for this intercontinental disjunction. Two of the analysed African species (R. nudiuscula, R. madagascariensis) have their closest relative (R. austriaca) in eastern Europe and western Asia. The lack of sequence divergence among these species indicates a colonization event probably not earlier than 100 000 years ago.

Key words

Evolution - disjunction - long-distance dispersal - phylogeography - phylogeny

Full Text

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W. Bleeker

Department of Systematic Botany
University of Osnabrück
Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie
Arbeitsgruppe Spezielle Botanik

Barbarastraße 11
49076 Osnabrück
Germany

Email: bleeker@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de

Section Editor: G. Gottsberger