References
- 1
Koert U.
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
1997,
36:
1836
- 2
Werder M.
Hauser H.
Abele S.
Seebach D.
Helv. Chim. Acta
1999,
82:
1774
-
3a
Porter EA.
Wang X.
Lee H.
Weisblum B.
Gellman SH.
Nature
2000,
404:
565
-
3b
Liu D.
DeGrado WF.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2001,
123:
7553
-
3c
Hamuro Y.
Scheneider JP.
DeGrado WF.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1999,
121:
12200
- 4
Abele S.
Seebach D.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2000,
1
- 5
Seebach D.
Abele S.
Sifferlen T.
Hänggi M.
Gruner S.
Seiler P.
Helv. Chim. Acta
1998,
81:
2218
- 6
Abele S.
Seiler P.
Seebach D.
Helv. Chim. Acta
1999,
82:
1559
- 8
Palomo C.
Aizpurua JM.
Ganboa I. In
Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Acids
Juaristi E.
Wiley-VCH.;
NY:
1997.
p.280-357
-
See:
-
9a
Ikeda M.
Uchino T.
Ishibashi H.
Tamura Y.
Kido M.
J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.
1984,
758
-
9b
Le Blanc S.
Pete J.
Piva O.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1992,
33:
1993
-
9c
Bateson JH.
Guest AW.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1993,
34:
1799
-
9d
Anklam S.
Liebscher J.
Tetrahedron
1998,
54:
6369
-
9e
Croce PD.
Ferraccioli R.
La Rosa C.
Tetrahedron
1995,
34:
9385
-
9f
Croce PD.
Ferraccioli R.
La Rosa C.
Tetrahedron
1999,
55:
201
-
9g
Croce PD.
La Rosa C.
Tetrahedron Asymmetry
1999,
10:
1193
- 10
Croce PD.
La Rosa C.
Heterocycles
2000,
53:
2653
- 11
Palomo C.
Oiarbide M.
Bindi S.
J. Org. Chem.
1998,
63:
2469
- 12
Floyd DM.
Fritz AW.
Plusec J.
Weaver ER.
Cimarusti CM.
J. Org. Chem.
1982,
42:
5160
- 14
The Practice of Peptide Synthesis
Bodanszky
Bodanszky M.
2nd ed:
Springer Lab Manual;
1994.
- 15
Ojima I.
Sun CM.
Park YH.
J. Org. Chem.
1994,
59:
1249
- 16
Ojima I.
Habus I.
Zhao M.
Zucco M.
Park YH.
Sun CM.
Brigaud T.
Tetrahedron
1992,
48:
6985
- 17
Palomo C.
Aizpurua JM.
Galarza R.
Mielgo A.
Chem. Commun.
1996,
633
-
See for example:
-
20a
Dale JA.
Mosher HS.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1972,
95:
512
-
20b
Trost BM.
Belletire JL.
Godleski S.
McDougal PG.
Balkovec JM.
J. Org. Chem.
1986,
51:
2370
-
20c
Latypov SK.
Seco JM.
Quiñoá E.
Riguera R.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1998,
120:
877
- 21
Dale JA.
Dull DL.
Mosher HS.
J. Org. Chem.
1969,
34:
2543
7 Typical experimental procedure for 1: To a solution of the imine (2 mmol) and dry Et3N (0.41 mL, 3 mmol) in dry refluxing toluene (15 mL) was added dropwise a solution of the corresponding 2- or 3-tetrahydrofuroyl chloride (0.269 g, 2 mmol) in toluene (5 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight, cooled to r.t., and diluted with CH2Cl2 (30 mL). The resultant solution was washed with 5% NaHCO3(20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography over silica gel (EtOAc-hexanes) of the crude reactions afforded the final spiro β-lactams 1.
13 Typical experimental procedure for 3: To a stirred solution of the N-Boc β-lactam 2 (1 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added a catalytic amount of potassium cyanide (10-15% mol). After the consumption of the starting material (monitored by TLC), the methanol was removed in vacuo, 10 mL of NaHCO3 (5%) and 10 mL of EtOAc were then added. The aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 15 mL). The mixed organic layers were washed with brine (2 × 25 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was submitted to a short silica gel column chromatography (1:1, EtOAc-hexanes) to afford 3a-c. Data for 3a: IR (KBr): 3465, 1736, 1686, 1095 cm-1; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.36 (s, 9 H), 1.64 (m, 1 H), 1.86 (m, 2 H), 2.08 (m, 1 H), 3.74 (s, 3 H), 3.86 (m, 2 H), 5.04 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.79 (broad d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (m, 5 H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 174.2, 154.6, 137.8, 128.2, 127.8, 127.4, 88.2, 79.1, 69.5, 58.6, 52.2, 33.2, 27.9, 24.7. HRMS calcd for C14H16NO4 262.1077 (M+- C4H9), found 262.1079.
18 Typical experimental procedure for 7-13: To a solution of the N-Boc β-lactam 2 (1 mmol) in dry DMF (10 mL) at 40 ºC was added 2 mmol of the corresponding amino ester and (77 mg, 1.5 equiv) of KCN. After stirring the solution during 16 h, brine (10 mL) was added. The solution was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 15 mL) and the mixed organic layers were washed with 5% NaHCO3 (15 mL), 1 N HCl (15 mL) and brine (25 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography over silica gel (EtOAc-hexanes) of the crude reactions afforded the final dipeptides 6-11. Data for 8a: [α]D 20 = -30.8 (c = 0.76, CHCl3); IR (KBr): 3323, 1731, 1697, 1646 cm-1; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.89 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6 H), 1.38 (s, 9 H), 1.50 (m, 3 H)1.82 (m, 1 H), 2.24 (m, 1 H), 3.58 (s, 3 H), 3.98 (m, 2 H), 4.45 (m, 1 H), 4.76 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.56 (broad d, J = 9 Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (broad d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.27 (m, 5 H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 173.7, 171.7, 155.2, 138.6, 127.6, 127.5, 127.1, 87.6, 79.1, 69.6, 59.4, 52.0, 49.9, 41.3, 34.6, 28.1, 25.4, 24.7, 22.6, 21.5. HRMS calcd for C14H16NO4 448.2573 (M+), found 448.2576.
19 Compound letter were assigned according to their Rf values in column chromatography (silica gel Merck 230-400 mesh, 1:1, hexane-EtOAc as eluent). Rf 7a<7b; Rf 8a<8b.