Tabakabhängigkeit und Möglichkeiten der medikamentösen Behandlung

Zusammenfassung

Die Tabakabhängigkeit ist aufgrund der steigenden Raucherzahlen in allen Industrieländern als wachsende Bedrohung für den Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung anzusehen. Dabei ist die mit Alkohol und Heroin vergleichbare abhängigkeitserzeugende Wirkung für den jahrzehntelangen Tabakkonsum verantwortlich. Die Abhängigkeit wird exogen ausgelöst, jedoch kommt aufgrund der bisherigen Daten auch eine genetische Komponente in Betracht, wobei Parallelen zur Alkoholabhängigkeit gegeben sind. Für die Behandlung der Tabakabhängigkeit werden verschiedene verhaltenstherapeutische Verfahren empfohlen, die jedoch vom Raucher weniger akzeptiert werden als die medikamentösen Verfahren, unter denen die vorübergehende Nikotinbehandlung die derzeitig erfolgreichste Methode darstellt. Des Weiteren wird die Behandlung mit Bupropion abgehandelt, die jedoch aufgrund der bisher international beschriebenen unerwünschten Wirkungen eine weniger günstige Nutzen-Risiko-Relation als die zeitweilige Nikotinsubstitution darstellt.

Tobacco Dependence and Possibilities of Smoking Cessation Therapy

Due to increasing smoker numbers in all industrial countries the tobacco dependence can be seen as growing threat for the state of health to the population. The dependence producing effect of nicotine is comparable with those of alcohol and heroin and, furthermore the alkaloid is responsible for decades of tobacco consumption of each subject. Nicotine dependence is triggered exogenously, a genetic component is also considered. On the basis of the present data parallels exist to the alcohol dependence. For smoking cessation various behavior therapy programs are used which, however, are accepted by the smoker to a smaller degree than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). NRT represents the most successful method at time. Bupropion therapy possesses a less favorable use-risk relation than NRT because of its side-effects.

Schlüsselwörter

Tabakabhängigkeit - Nikotin - Nikotinabhängigkeit - Diagnostik - Medikamentöse Therapie - Nikotinersatzprodukte - Bupropion

Key words

Tobacco Dependence - Nicotine - Nicotine Addiction - Diagnostics - Nicotine Replacement Therapy - Bupropion

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