Anamnese und klinischer Befund: Ein 67-jähriger Patient
klagte seit 4 Tagen über diffuse Bauchschmerzen und Obstipation. Anamnestisch
ergaben sich keine Hinweise für eine konsumierende Grunderkrankung,
insbesondere bestand keine B-Symptomatik (Gewichtsabnahme von mehr
als 10 % des Körpergewichts in den letzten
6 Monaten, Fieber nichtinfektiöser Ursache über
38 ˚C, Nachtschweiß).
Untersuchungen: Bei der klinischen Untersuchung
zeigte sich ein akutes Abdomen mit hochgestellten Darmgeräuschen
und diffuser abdomineller Abwehrspannung. Radiologisch lag ein Dünndarmileus
vor, der eine notfallmäßige Laparotomie erforderte.
Im Bereich des Ileums, ca. 80 cm proximal des Coecums, fand
sich ein stenosierender Konglomerattumor, der mit einer Dünndarmteilresektion
entfernt wurde.
Diagnose: Dünndarmileus bei
niedrig-malignem Marginalzonen-B-Zell-Lymphom vom MALT-Typ.
Therapie und Verlauf: Das postoperative Staging zeigte
keine weitere Manifestation des Lymphoms. Aufgrund einer fehlenden
R0-Resektion des Konglomerattumors wurde eine kombinierte Radiochemotherapie
durchgeführt.
Folgerung: Marginal-B-Zell-Lymphome
des Dünndarms sind in Mitteleuropa selten. Trotz der zumeist
langsamen Wachstumsprogredienz dieser niedrig-malignen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome kann
ohne Prodromi ein akuter mechanischer Ileus als Erstmanifestation
resultieren. Mehrheitlich kommt ein multimodales Therapiekonzept
zur Anwendung, etablierte Behandlungsstrategien stehen jedoch noch
aus.
Ileus of the small intestine in a patient
with marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of mucoid-associated lymphoid
tissue (MALT)
History and admission findings: A 67-year-old
man had complained of diffuse abdominal pain and constipation for
4 days without indication of any underlying disease. On admission
there was no evidence of weight loss, fever or nocturnal sweating.
Investigations: Physical examination
revealed signs of an acute abdomen with high-pitched bowel sounds
and diffuse abdominal guarding. The X-ray showed ileus of the small
intestine which required emergency laparotomy. An obstructing conglomerate
tumour was present in the area of the ileum, ca. 80 cm proximal
to the caecum. It was removed by partial resection of the small
intestine.
Diagnosis: Ileus of the small intestine
with a low-malignant marginal zone B-cell (non-Hodgkin) lymphoma
of MALT type (mucoid-associated lymphoid tissue).
Treatment and course: Postoperative
staging indicated no further manifestation of the lymphoma. As no
radical operation in resecting the tumour had been performed, combined
radio- and chemotherapy was undertaken
Conclusion: Marginal B-cell lymphomas
of the small intestine are only rarely seen in central Europe. Despite
its usually slow growth this non-Hodgkin lymphoma of low malignancy
can produce an acute mechanical ileus without prodromal symptoms.
A multimodal therapeutic approach is often employed, but there are
no established treatment strategies.
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Korrespondenz
Dr. med. Martin Brueck
Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Wetzlar-Braunfels
Forsthausstraße 1 - 2
35578 Wetzlar
Phone: 06441/792327
Fax: 06441/792328
Email: martinbrueck@t-online.de