Gentechnische Herstellung von
Arzneimitteln und ihre Anwendung am Beispiel des Erythropoetins

Zusammenfassung.

In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten wurde eine Vielzahl gentechnisch hergestellter Arzneimittel zur medizinischen Behandlung zugelassen. Solche Medikamente zeichnen sich durch große Wirksamkeit und optimale Arzneimittelsicherheit aus. Es handelt sich dabei um Hormone, Enzyme, Wachstums- und Gerinnungsfaktoren, Antikörper sowie Impfstoffe. Diese Proteine werden mithilfe der DNA-Rekombinationstechnik hergestellt. Das für das Protein codierende Gen wird mittels eines Plasmids in einen Mikroorganismus oder eine Zelllinie eingeführt, in denen die Geninformation in ein Protein übersetzt wird. Für die industrielle Herstellung des rekombinanten Medikamentes werden biotechnische Verfahren eingesetzt. Die gentechnisch veränderten Produktionsorganismen werden in Bioreaktoren gezüchtet und anschließend wird das gewünschte Produkt isoliert und gereinigt. Im Artikel wird insbesondere auf Herstellung und klinischen Einsatz des rekombinanten Erythropoetins in der Nephrologie, Hämatoonkologie und elektiver Chirugie eingegangen.

Genetically Engineered Drugs and their Application of Recombinant Erythropoietin.

Over the past two decades, many genetically engineered drugs have been developed and approved for the treatment of patients. Typically, these drugs are characterized by a high and specific activity in the presence of optimal safety. They include hormones, enzymes, growth and coagulation factors, antibodies as well as vaccines. All these proteins are generated using recombinant DNA technology. An expression vector with the gene encoding for the protein of interest is introduced into an appropriate microorganism or cell line. The biochemical machinery of the host cell then translates the genetic information into the corresponding protein. Large scale production of the recombinant drugs uses biotechnological processes. The genetically modified organisms are grown in bioreactors from which the desired protein is finally isolated and purified. This review focuses on the production and clinical application of recombinant erythropoietin in the areas of nephrology, hemato-oncology and elective surgery.

Schlüsselwörter:

Erythropoetin - Rekombinante Arzneimittel - Gentechnik

Key words:

Erythropoietin - Recombinant drugs - Genetic engineering

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