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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7528
Therapie der rekurrenten Hepatitis-B-Infektion nach Lebertransplantation
Eine retrospektive Analyse von 200 Lebertransplantationen aufgrund von Hepatitis-B-assoziierten LebererkrankungenPublikationsverlauf
9.3.2000
9.6.2000
Publikationsdatum:
31. Dezember 2000 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Vor Einführung der passiven Immunprophylaxe und neuer antiviraler Nukleosidanaloga waren Inzidenz und Verlauf der Hepatitis-B-Reinfektion nach Lebertransplantation nicht zu beeinflussen. Daraus resultierten relativ schlechte Transplantatüberlebensraten. In einer retrospektiven Analyse sollten Möglichkeiten und Effizienz der Therapie der Hepatitis-B-Reinfektion nach Lebertransplantation überprüft werden.
Patienten und Methoden: Zwischen September 1988 und Dezember 1998 wurden in unserem Zentrum 179 Patienten aufgrund von Hepatitis-B-assoziierten Lebererkrankungen transplantiert. Alle Patienten erhielten eine passive Immunprophylaxe mit Hepatitis-B-Immunglobulin. Trat dennoch eine Reinfektion auf, wurde ab 1993 eine antivirale Therapie mit Famciclovir (500-1500 mg/Tag) begonnen (n = 26), ab 1996 mit Lamivudin (n = 12). Kam es unter Famciclovirtherapie oder -prophylaxe zum Therapieversagen, wurde die Medikation auf Lamivudin (100-150 mg/Tag) umgestellt (n = 22). Bei Unwirksamkeit von Lamivudin wurde eine antivirale Kombinationstherapie aus Lamivudin und Interferon (n = 4) oder aus Lamivudin und Famciclovir (n = 4) eingeleitet. Vor Verfügbarkeit von Virustatika oder bei deren Therapieversagen wurden seit 1988 insgesamt 12 Patienten aufgrund einer akuten oder chronischen Reinfektion retransplantiert.
Ergebnisse: Unter passiver Immunprophylaxe betrug die Reinfektionsrate insgesamt 33 %, 43 % und 44 % nach 1, 3 und 5 Jahren. Ohne antivirale Therapie starben 52 % der Patienten innerhalb eines Jahres nach Reinfektion. Die Virustatika Lamivudin und Famciclovir konnten die 1-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach Reinfektion auf 79 % verbessern. Lamivudin bewirkte eine stärkere Hemmung der Virusreplikation. So wurden unter Lamivudin 26 Patienten (76 %) HBV-DNA-negativ, 9 davon (26 %) HbsAg-negativ, unter Famciclovir dagegen keiner HbsAg-negativ. Lamivudin war auch nach Therapieversagen von Famciclovir in 94 % der Fälle noch wirksam. Bei lamivudinresistenter Reinfektion konnte die Virusreplikation durch eine antivirale Kombinationstherapie aus Lamivudin und Interferon α oder Lamivudin und Famciclovir teilweise bis auf im Hybridisierungstest nicht mehr nachweisbare Werte gesenkt werden. Schwere Nebenwirkungen traten unter keiner der genannten Therapien auf. Bei Retransplantation aufgrund eine rekurrenten Hepatitis B betrug die Transplantatüberlebensrate 42 % und 25 % nach einem und 3 Jahren.
Schlussfolgerung: Während allgemein anerkannt ist, dass durch passive Immunprophylaxe die Morbidität der Reinfektion gesenkt werden kann, konnte hier gezeigt werden, dass durch antivirale Therapie die Letalität der Hepatitis-B-Reinfektion verringert werden kann. Das Hauptproblem ist sowohl bei Famciclovir als auch bei Lamivudin die Resistenzentwicklung. Während die antivirale Kombinationstherapie oder neuere Virustatika hier möglicherweise Alternativen darstellen, sollte die Indikation zur Retransplantation bei rekurrenter HBV aufgrund relativ schlechter Überlebensraten eher zurückhaltend gestellt werden.
Antiviral therapy of recurrent hepatitis B infection after liver transplantation: A retrospective analysis of 200 liver transplants for hepatitis B related liver diseases
Background: Before introduction of passive immunoprophylaxis and new antiviral nucleoside analogues the course of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation could hardly be influenced. The result was a inferior graft survival. In the present retrospective analysis the efficacy of hepatitis B therapy after liver transplantation was analysed retrospectively.
Patients and methods: Between 1988 and 1998 in total 179 patients were transplanted due to hepatitis B related liver failure at our centre. All patients received passive immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobuline. In case of reinfection after 1993 an antiviral therapy with famciclovir 1500 mg daily was initiated (n = 26), since 1996 lamivudine (100-150 mg daily) was used (n = 12). In case of viral breakthrough under famciclovir treatment or prophylaxis therapy was switched to lamivudine (n = 22). In case of ineffectiveness of lamivudine an antiviral combination therapy with lamivudine and interferon (n = 4) or lamivudine and famciclovir (n = 4) was initiated. Before availability of antiviral agents or in case of viral breakthrough in total 12 patients were retransplanted due to acute or chronic reinfection.
Results: With passive immunoprophylaxis reinfection rate was 33 %, 43 % and 44 % after 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. Without antiviral treatment 52 % of patients died within the first year after reinfection. Antiviral therapy with lamivudine or famciclovir improved the one year survival after reinfection to 79 %. Supression of viral replication was more effective with lamivudine. Under lamivudine 26 patients (76 %) became HBV-DNA negative, 9 patients HBsAg negative (26 %). In contrast no patient became HBsAg negative during famciclovir therapy. Lamivudine was effective also after famciclovir breakthrough in 94 % of patients. In case of lamivudine resistant reinfection viral replication could be suppressed with an antiviral combination therapy up to negative HBV-DNA in the hybridization assay. Severe side effects were not observed during any of the antiviral therapies. The graft survival after retransplantation for hepatitis B reinfection was 42 % and 25 % after one and 3 years.
Conclusion: Whereas it is generally accepted, that passive immunoprophylaxis lowers the reinfection rate it could be shown in the present study, that antiviral treatment lowers mortality of hepatitis B reinfection. The major problem of lamivudine and famciclovir is viral resistance formation. In this case an antiviral combination therapy might be useful, whereas retransplantation for hepatitis B reinfection should be considered carefully due to inferior graft survival rates.
Schlüsselwörter
Hepatitis B - Lebertransplantation - Reinfektion - Famciclovir - Lamivudin - Retransplantation
Key words
Hepatitis B - Liver Transplantation - Reinfection - Famciclovir - Lamivudine - Retransplantation
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
D. Seehofer
Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie Charité Campus Virchow
Augustenburger Platz 1
D-13353 Berlin
eMail: daniel.seehofer@charite.de