Secondary Non-Response due to Development of Neutralising Antibodies to Botulinum Toxin A during Treatment of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Abbreviations

BTX/A botulinum toxin A

CP cerebral palsy

References

• 1 Göschel H, Wohlfarth K, Frevert J, Dengler R, Bigalke H. Botulinum A toxin therapy: neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies - therapeutic consequences.  Exp Neurol. 1997;  147 96-102
• 2 Greene P, Fahn S, Diamond B. Development of resistance to botulinum toxin type A in patients with torticollis.  Mov Disord. 1994;  9 213-217
• 3 Jankovic J, Schwartz K. Response and immunoresistance to botulinum toxin injections.  Neurology. 1995;  45 1743-1746
• 4 Kessler K R, Skutta M, Benecke for the German Dystonia Study Group R. Long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin A: efficacy, safety, and antibody frequency.  J Neurol. 1999;  246 265-274
• 5 Wissel J, Heinen F, Schenkel A, Doll B, Ebersbach G, Müller J, Poewe W. Botulinum toxin A in the management of spastic gait disorders in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: A randomized, double-blind study of “high-dose” versus “low-dose” treatment.  Neuropediatrics. 1999;  30 120-124
• 6 Zuber M, Sebald M, Bathien N, de Recondo J, Rondot P. Botulinum antibodies in dystonic patients treated with type A botulinum toxin: frequency and significance.  Neurology. 1993;  43 1715-1718