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Synthesis 1980; 1980(5): 345-364
DOI: 10.1055/s-1980-29019
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Antimony Pentahalides as Catalysts of Friedel-Crafts Type Reactions

G. G. Yakobson* , G. G. Furin
  • *Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, U.S.S.R.
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Publication Date:
14 May 2002 (online)

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Methods for the synthesis of various classes of organic compounds using antimony pentafluoride and antimony pentachloride as catalysts and reagents are discussed. 1. Introduction 2. Friedel-Crafts Type Reactions 2.1. Alkylation 2.1.1. Alkylation of σ-Bases 2.1.2. Alkylation of π-Bases 2.1.3. Alkylation of n-Donor Bases 2.1.4. Alkylation of Carbon Monoxide 2.2. Acylation 2.3. Sulphonylation and Sulphinylation 2.4. Nitration 2.5. Halogenation 3. Oxidative Properties of Antimony Pentafluoride; Generation of the Heteroatomic Analogues of Carbenium Ions and their Friedel-Crafts Type Reactions 3.1. Reactions of VI Group Elements with Olefins and Aromatic Compounds 3.2. Reactions of the V Group Halides with π-Bases 3.3. Reactions of Salts of the Transition Metals with Aromatic Compounds 3.4. Oxidation Reactions under the Action of Antimony Pentafluoride 4. Other Reactions 4.1. Conversion of Oxiranes in Antimony Pentafluoride Media 4.2. Reactions with Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide 4.3. Reductions in Super-Acid Media 5. Outlook