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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1813719
Cranial Osteomyelitis Secondary to Myiasis: Case Report
Osteomielite craniana secundária à miíase: Relato de casoAutor*innen
Funding The authors declare that they did not receive funding from agencies in the public, private or non-profit sectors to conduct the present study.
Abstract
A 48-year-old male patient was admitted to an emergency care unit with a history of gunshot wound and traumatic brain injury. He underwent neurosurgical debridement, with removal of fractured bone fragments in the left frontal region, drainage of the underlying brain contusion, and dural plastic surgery. He showed clinical improvement, underwent autologous cranioplasty approximately 4 weeks after the hospital admission, and was discharged for neurological outpatient follow-up. After 6 months, he returned to the hospital with signs of dehiscence of the surgical wound in the left frontal region, with the presence of larvae at the site, compatible with the diagnosis of cranial myiasis. He underwent two debridements of the surgical site to remove visible larvae on the bone flap, which also showed signs of infectious involvement, confirming the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. A wide left frontal craniectomy was also performed, with removal of the infected cranial bone. The culture of surgical material showed the presence of the bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes. Ivermectin and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy were prescribed. The patient showed good progress and was discharged from the hospital. Myiasis is caused by the fly Dermatobia hominis, whose eggs are laid in open wounds, where their larvae feed on tissues and body fluids. It is usually a self-limiting condition with low morbidity, except in the presence of cranial osteomyelitis, a rare complication that can lead to amaurosis, sepsis, and death. Therefore, rigorous removal of the larvae, extensive surgical debridement, craniectomy, and prolonged antibiotic therapy are the main therapeutic strategies.
Resumo
Um paciente do sexo masculino, de 48 anos de idade, foi admitido em unidade de pronto atendimento terciário, com histórico de agressão física por projétil de arma de fogo e traumatismo cranioencefálico. Foi submetido a desbridamento neurocirúrgico, com remoção de fragmentos ósseos fraturados na região frontal esquerda, drenagem da contusão cerebral subjacente e cirurgia plástica dural. Apresentou melhora clínica, realizou cranioplastia autóloga cerca de 4 semanas após a admissão hospitalar e recebeu alta para seguimento neurológico ambulatorial. Após 6 meses, retornou ao hospital, com sinais de deiscência da ferida operatória na região frontal esquerda, com a presença de larvas no local, compatível com o diagnóstico de miíase craniana. Foi submetido a dois desbridamentos do sítio cirúrgico, para remoção de larvas visíveis no retalho ósseo, que também apresentava sinais de envolvimento infeccioso, confirmando o diagnóstico de osteomielite. Foi realizada, também, ampla craniectomia frontal esquerda, com remoção do osso craniano infectado. A cultura do material cirúrgico evidenciou a presença da bactéria Klebsiella aerogenes, sendo prescritos ivermectina e antibioticoterapia de largo espectro. O paciente apresentou boa evolução e recebeu alta hospitalar. A miíase é causada pela mosca Dermatobia hominis, cujos ovos são depositados em feridas abertas e suas larvas se alimentam de tecidos e fluidos corporais. Normalmente, é um quadro autolimitado e com baixa morbidade, exceto na presença de osteomielite craniana, complicação rara, mas que pode levar a amaurose, sepse e óbito. Assim, a remoção rigorosa das larvas, o amplo desbridamento cirúrgico, a craniectomia e a antibioticoterapia por tempo prolongado são as principais estratégias terapêuticas.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 09. Januar 2025
Angenommen: 09. September 2025
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
29. Dezember 2025
© 2025. Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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