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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1813716
Comparison Between Endoscopic and Microsurgical Fenestration for Subarachnoid Cysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Comparação entre Fenestração Endoscópica e Microcirúrgica para Cistos Aracnóides: Revisão Sistemática e Meta-AnáliseAutor*innen
Funding This research was not supported.
Abstract
Introduction
Intracranial arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid–filled lesions present in 1.2–1.4% of the population. They are often asymptomatic but may cause headache, seizures, deficits, or hydrocephalus. Surgery is indicated in symptomatic cases, yet the optimal technique—endoscopic fenestration or microsurgery—remains debated.
Objective
To compare efficacy and safety of endoscopic fenestration versus microsurgery for symptomatic intracranial arachnoid cysts through systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to March 2024, following PRISMA 2020. Comparative studies reporting cyst volume reduction (>50%) or postoperative complications (hematoma, cranial nerve palsy, mortality) were included. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.4 and R. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Hartung-Knapp adjustments and Paule-Mandel variance. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's test.
Results
Sixteen studies (1,157 patients; 596 endoscopic, 561 microsurgery) were included. Eight studies (n = 441) showed no significant difference in cyst reduction (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.77–1.10; p = 0.325; I2 = 63.4%). Twelve studies (n = 716) suggested fewer hematomas with endoscopy, though not significant (RR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.32–1.17; p = 0.139; I2 = 0%). Cranial nerve palsy was rare (<3%), and no mortality was reported.
Conclusion
Endoscopic fenestration and microsurgery provide similar efficacy and safety. Choice should be guided by cyst anatomy and surgeon expertise. Further randomized trials are warranted.
Resumo
Introdução
Cistos aracnóides intracranianos são lesões preenchidas por líquido cerebrospinal, presentes em 1,2%–1,4% da população. Embora geralmente assintomáticos, podem causar cefaleia, crises epilépticas, déficits neurológicos ou hidrocefalia. A cirurgia é indicada nos casos sintomáticos, mas a escolha entre fenestração endoscópica e microcirurgia ainda é debatida.
Objetivo
Comparar eficácia e segurança da fenestração endoscópica em relação à microcirurgia para cistos aracnóides sintomáticos por meio de revisão sistemática e meta-análise.
Métodos
Realizou-se busca em PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science e Cochrane Library até março de 2024, seguindo PRISMA 2020. Foram incluídos estudos comparativos que relataram redução de volume do cisto (>50%) ou complicações pós-operatórias (hematoma, paresia de nervo craniano, mortalidade). Os dados foram analisados com Review Manager 5.4 e R. Calcularam-se riscos relativos (RR) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC), aplicando ajustes de Hartung-Knapp e variância de Paule-Mandel. O viés de publicação foi avaliado por funnel plots e teste de Egger.
Resultados
Dezesseis estudos (1.157 pacientes; 596 endoscopia, 561 microcirurgia) foram incluídos. Oito estudos (n = 441) não mostraram diferença significativa na redução do cisto (RR = 0,92; IC 95%: 0,77–1,10; p = 0,325; I2 = 63,4%). Doze estudos (n = 716) sugeriram menos hematomas na endoscopia, sem significância estatística (RR = 0,61; IC 95%: 0,32–1,17; p = 0,139; I2 = 0%). Paresia de nervo craniano foi rara (<3%), e não houve mortalidade.
Conclusão
Fenestração endoscópica e microcirurgia apresentam eficácia e segurança semelhantes. A escolha deve considerar fatores anatômicos e experiência do cirurgião. Ensaios randomizados adicionais são necessários.
Keywords
Arachnoid cyst - endoscopic fenestration - microsurgery - intracranial cysts - systematic review - meta-analysisPalavras-chave
Cisto aracnóide - fenestração endoscópica - microcirurgia - cistos intracranianos - revisão sistemática - meta-análisePublikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 20. September 2025
Angenommen: 10. November 2025
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
29. Dezember 2025
© 2025. Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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