Luxofractura Subaxial con Lesión de Arteria Vertebral e Infarto Cerebeloso: Reporte de Caso

Resumen

Introducción

Las lesiones de la arteria vertebral (LAV) en trauma cervical cerrado son poco frecuentes pero potencialmente graves. Su incidencia varía según el patrón de fractura y la modalidad diagnóstica. Suelen ser asintomáticas, lo que dificulta su detección precoz.

Objetivo

Presentar un caso de LAV sintomática secundaria a luxofractura subaxial, destacando aspectos relevantes para su pesquisa, tratamiento y evolución.

Metodología

Se analizó el caso de una paciente con luxofractura C5–C6 años LAV confirmada por angioTAC, junto a una revisión narrativa de la literatura.

Caso Clínico

Mujer de 29 años con luxofractura C5–C6 y una disección de la arteria vertebral derecha con pseudoaneurisma. Se realizó artrodesis cervical anterior. En el postoperatorio desarrolló vértigo y nistagmo; la RM confirmó infarto cerebeloso derecho. Recibió tratamiento antiplaquetario con buena evolución clínica. A cinco años, se mantiene asintomática con pseudoaneurisma estable.

Conclusión

Las LAV deben sospecharse en fracturas cervicales que comprometan el foramen transverso. La detección oportuna y un abordaje quirúrgico cuidadoso pueden prevenir complicaciones neurológicas mayores.

Palabras clave

traumatismo cervical - arteria vertebral - disección arterial - infarto cerebeloso - artrodesis cervical

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 26. Juni 2025

Angenommen: 11. September 2025

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. Dezember 2025

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