Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787838
Original Article

Do Sleep Time and Duration Affect the Development of Prehypertension in Undergraduate Medical Students? An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata

Sayan Ali
1   Medical College, Kolkata (Calcutta Medical College), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Samit Karmakar
2   Department of Physiology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Arup Chakraborty 
3   Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata (Calcutta Medical College), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Saptarshi Ghosh 
1   Medical College, Kolkata (Calcutta Medical College), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
› Author Affiliations Funding The authors declare that they have received no funding from agencies in the public, private or non-profit sectors to conduct the present study.
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Introduction and Objective Hypertension is an evolving public health challenge at present, and it is preceded by a prehypertensive stage. Irregular sleep duration and pattern have been found to be linked with cardiovascular diseases. Medical students are highly vulnerable to low quality sleep due to pressure regarding the academic curriculum and poor lifestyle. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prehypertension, describe the risk factors and sleep patterns of undergraduate medical students, and determine the association, if any, involving sleep time and duration and prehypertension.

Materials and Methods Data was collected from 254 undergraduate medical students via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and a self-structured questionnaire. The frequency of events was established and the Chi-squared and t-tests were applied to determine the association. Finally, regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation.

Results Male sex, high body mass index (BMI), poor sleep quality, and night sleep duration shorter than 5 hours were found to be significant risk factors for the development of prehypertensive condition (prevalence of 42.5%). However, there were no statistically significant associations regarding prehypertension and family history, junk food and salt intake, physical activity and daytime napping, bedtime, and wake-up time. Night sleep duration shorter than 5 hours presented an odds ratio of 4.713 (p = 0.010) for the development of prehypertension after adjusting for other risk factors, such as male sex, sleep quality, and high BMI.

Discussion and Conclusion A high prevalence of prehypertension (42.5%) was noted among undergraduate medical students. Night sleep duration shorter than 5 hours was a significant risk factor for the development of prehypertension, whereas sleep time was not significantly associated with prehypertension.

Keywords

prehypertension - sleep duration - sleep time - undergraduate medical student - Kolkata

Disclosure Statement

With the submission of this manuscript the authors would like to declare that:


● The contents of this manuscript have not been copyrighted or published previously.


● The contents of this manuscript are not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.


● The authors have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.




Publication History

Received: 13 September 2023

Accepted: 08 May 2024

Article published online:
25 June 2024

© 2024. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 

  • References

  • 1 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; 2004
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 2 Ferguson TS, Younger N, Tulloch-Reid MK. et al. Progression from prehypertension to hypertension in a Jamaican cohort: incident hypertension and its predictors. West Indian Med J 2010; 59 (05) 486-493
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367 (9524) 1747-1757
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G. et al. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: A joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep 2015; 38 (06) 843-844
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Chaput JP, Dutil C, Featherstone R. et al. Sleep duration and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45 (10 (Suppl. 2)): S218-S231
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Abbott SM, Weng J, Reid KJ. et al. Sleep Timing, Stability, and BP in the Sueño Ancillary Study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Chest 2019; 155 (01) 60-68
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Molla A, Wondie T. Magnitude of Poor Sleep Hygiene Practice and Associated Factors among Medical Students in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sleep Disord 2021; 2021: 6611338
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Chattopadhyay A, Taraphdar P, Sahu BK. et al. A study on prevalence of Hypertension and its related risk factors among undergraduate medical students in Kolkata. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2014; 13 (11) 1-7
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Eliasson AH, Lettieri CJ, Eliasson AH. Early to bed, early to rise! Sleep habits and academic performance in college students. Sleep Breath 2010; 14 (01) 71-75
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004; 363 (9403) 157-163
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Bhavani PL, Gupta S, Thanikonda S, Epari V. A cross-sectional study on pre-hypertension & its association with anthropometric indices among undergraduate medical students in Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148 (06) 752-755
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Kumar T, Kn SA. Evaluation of pre-hypertension, hypertension and its associated factors among i st year medical students. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2014; 7 (05) 32-35
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 13 Debbarma A, Bhattacharjya H, Mohanty A, Mog C. Prevalence of pre-hypertension and its relationship with body mass index among the medical students of Agartala government medical college. Int J Res Med Sci 2015; 3 (05) 1097
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Kumar H, Uniyal N, Bawa S, Kumar S. Prevalence of prehypertension in students of a tertiary care institute of North India. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2014; 3 (02) 212
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Shetty SS, Nayak A, Professor A. Prevalence Of Prehypertension Amongst Medical Students In Coastal Karnataka. . J Evol Med Dent Sci 2012
  • 16 Lo K, Woo B, Wong M, Tam W. Subjective sleep quality, blood pressure, and hypertension: a meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20 (03) 592-605
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Ribeiro ÍJS, Pereira R. . Freire I v., de Oliveira BG, Casotti CA, Boery EN. Stress and Quality of Life Among University Students: A Systematic Literature Review. Vol. 4,. Health Professions Education. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University; 2018. . p. 70–7.
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 18 Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B. et al. Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hypertension 2006; 47 (05) 833-839
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Yin J, Jin X, Shan Z. et al. Relationship of sleep duration with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Vol. 6,. Journal of the American Heart Association. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2017
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 20 Guo X, Zheng L, Wang J. et al. Epidemiological evidence for the link between sleep duration and high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2013; 14 (04) 324-332
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Scott H, Lechat B, Reynolds A. et al. Sleep irregularity is associated with increased risk of hypertension: data from over two million nights. Sleep (Basel) 2022; 45 (01) A93-A94
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Somers VK, Dyken ME, Mark AL, Abboud FM. Sympathetic-nerve activity during sleep in normal subjects. N Engl J Med 1993; 328 (05) 303-307
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Baron KG, Culnan E. Sleep and healthy decision making. In: Grandner MA. , editor. Sleep and Health. Academic Press; 2019
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 24 Folkow B. “Structural factor” in primary and secondary hypertension. Hypertension 1990; 16 (01) 89-101
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Leproult R, Copinschi G, Buxton O, Van Cauter E. Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. Sleep 1997; 20 (10) 865-870
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Franzen PL, Gianaros PJ, Marsland AL. et al. Cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress following sleep deprivation. Psychosom Med 2011; 73 (08) 679-682
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Julius S, Nesbitt SDD, Egan BM. et al; Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006; 354 (16) 1685-1697
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar