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CC BY 4.0 · VCOT Open 2024; 07(01): e80-e86
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787746
Original Article

Femoral Stem Placement for Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Three-Dimensional Custom Surgical Guides in Dogs: A Cadaveric Study

Jose Carvajal
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
,
Sarah Timko
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
,
Stanley E. Kim
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
,
Daniel D. Lewis 
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
,
Hae Beom Lee
2   Department of Veterinary Surgery, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
› Author Affiliations Funding None of the authors of this article has a financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.
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Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of femoral stem placement for total hip arthroplasty (THA) using three-dimensional (3D)-printed custom surgical guides (CSGs).

Study Design Computed tomography (CT) scans of 7 cadaveric adult medium-sized (23.2–30.0 kg) dog femurs were acquired. A virtual plan was made using 3D models, and CSGs were designed to aid in optimal femoral stem positioning. Two surgeons with limited experience in THA performed stem implantation with CSGs for each limb. Following stem implantation, CT scans were repeated, and final stem alignment was measured and then compared with the preoperative virtual plan.

Results The median difference between planned and postoperative stem alignment with CSGs was –6.2 degrees (interquartile [IQR] –15.2 to 2.1 degrees) for stem version, 2.3 degrees (IQR –0.6 to 3.9 degrees) for varus/valgus angulation, and 1.8 degrees (IQR –0.1 to 2.9 degrees) for cranial/caudal stem angulation. The median difference in stem depth was 1.5 mm (IQR –1.2 to 3.1). Mean surgical procedure time for CSG surgeries was 44.1 ± 20.5 minutes for femoral stem implantation.

Conclusion The use of CSGs resulted in successful femoral stem placement by two novice THA surgeons. Novice THA surgeons may benefit from CSGs in the learning stages of THA, but further investigation is recommended prior to clinical implementation.

Keywords

total hip arthroplasty - total hip replacement - total joint replacement - 3D-printed guides - dog


Publication History

Received: 08 April 2024

Accepted: 15 May 2024

Article published online:
25 June 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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