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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777779
Original Article

The Relationship between Leptin Levels and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment: A Cluster Analysis

Takashi Oki
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Yutaka Kozu 
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Mamiko Hoshi
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Yasunori Itoda
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Naho Furusho
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Ryosuke Ozoe
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Yusuke Jinno
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Akifumi Hirata
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Yusuke Kurosawa
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Shiho Yamada
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Asami Fukuda
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Mari Hikichi
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Sotaro Shikano
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Kenichi Sugaya
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Hisato Hiranuma
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Shuichiro Maruoka
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
,
Yasuhiro Gon
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract

Objective Leptin is an appetite-suppressing hormone released by adipose tissue that plays an important role in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, it is unclear whether leptin levels are a useful biomarker for this syndrome. The present study aimed to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on the syndrome according to leptin levels, using a cluster classification based on clinical features of the syndrome.

Materials and Methods We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of data from 97 OSAS patients diagnosed via polysomnography. We also evaluated the effect after 6 months of CPAP administration.

Results Clusters 1 (49 patients; 50.5%) and 2 (6 patients; 6.2%) presented normal leptin levels, and clusters 3 (11 patients; 11.3%) and 4 (31 patients; 32%) presented high leptin levels. Clusters 3 and 4 presented different leptin levels, but the same degree of obesity. After treatment, the levels of excessive daytime sleepiness improved in all clusters. In Cluster 3, leptin levels were significantly reduced after treatment.

Conclusion Using the conventional diagnostic method of the apnea-hypopnea index, it was not clear whether leptin is a useful biomarker for the CPAP treatment. However, it may be helpful for particular clusters, including obese women, and where particular populations require CPAP treatment.

Keywords

obstructive sleep apnea - phenotype - cluster analysis - leptin - continuous positive airway pressure


Publication History

Received: 14 December 2022

Accepted: 14 August 2023

Article published online:
27 February 2024

© 2024. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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