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CC BY 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2024; 82(06): s00431777775
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777775
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The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

O diagnóstico clínico da doença de Parkinson
Renato P. Munhoz 
1   University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto, ON, Canada.
2   Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
,
Vitor Tumas 
3   Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
,
José Luiz Pedroso 
4   Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
,
Laura Silveira-Moriyama 
5   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil.
6   UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract

After more than 200 years since its initial description, the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains an often-challenging endeavor, with broad implications that are fundamental for clinical management. Despite major developments in understanding it's pathogenesis, pathological landmarks, non-motor features and potential paraclinical clues, the most accepted diagnostic criteria remain solidly based on a combination of clinical signs. Here, we review this process, discussing its history, clinical criteria, differential diagnoses, ancillary diagnostic testing, and the role of non-motor and pre-motor signs and symptoms.

Resumo

Passados mais de 200 anos desde a sua descrição inicial, o diagnóstico clínico da doença de Parkinson (DP) continua a ser um processo muitas vezes desafiante, com amplas implicações que são fundamentais para o manejo clínico. Apesar dos grandes desenvolvimentos na compreensão da sua patogénese, marcadores patológicos, características não motoras e potenciais pistas paraclínicas, os critérios diagnósticos mais aceitos permanecem solidamente baseados numa combinação de sinais clínicos motores. Aqui, revisamos esse processo, discutindo sua história, critérios clínicos, diagnósticos diferenciais, testes diagnósticos complementares e o papel dos sinais e sintomas não motores e pré-motores.

Keywords

Parkinson Disease - Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive - Multiple System Atrophy - Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism - Secondary Parkinsonism

Palavras-chave

Doença de Parkinson - Paralisia Supranuclear Progressiva - Atrofia de Múltiplos Sistemas - Parkinsonismo Secundário - Parkinsonismo Aterosclerótico

Authors' Contributions

RPM: conceptualization, formal analysis, project, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing; vt - conceptualization, formal analysis, project, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing; JLP: conceptualization, formal analysis, project, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing; LSM: conceptualization, formal analysis, project, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing.




Publication History

Received: 14 September 2023

Accepted: 19 November 2023

Article published online:
07 February 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Bibliographical Record
Renato P. Munhoz, Vitor Tumas, José Luiz Pedroso, Laura Silveira-Moriyama. The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2024; 82: s00431777775.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777775
 

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