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Int J Angiol 2024; 33(01): 008-014
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777414
Original Article

Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia does not Enclose a Homogenous Population: Time for a More Detailed Classification

Schraepen Cédric 
1   Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
,
van der Laan Lijckle
1   Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
2   Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
,
Smet Nick 
1   Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
2   Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
,
Meulenbroek Anne
1   Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
2   Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
,
Fourneau Inge
1   Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract

Objective Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Classification methods differentiate into patients with rest pain or with ischemic ulcers. No distinction is made between the presence or absence of rest pain in patients with ischemic ulcers. Our aim is to determine any differences in outcome between these subdivisions so we can improve preoperative counseling and risk assessment.

Materials and Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study included all patients revascularized for a first episode of CLTI between 2013 and 2018. The cohort was divided in three groups: patients with solely rest pain (RP), solely ischemic ulcers (IU), and patients with both rest pain and ischemic ulcers (RP + IU). Baseline characteristics, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed.

Results A total of 624 limbs in 599 patients were included: 225 (36.1%) in the rest pain group, 169 (27.1%) in the ischemic ulcers group, and 230 (36.2%) in combined group. Amputation rates were higher in the combined group at 6 months. Mortality rates were significantly higher in the ischemic ulcers group and the combined group at 6 months and 1 year.

Conclusion Patients with solely rest pain have significantly lower mortality rates in comparison to patients with ischemic ulcers. Rest pain did not affect mortality rates in patients with ulcers. There was a higher amputation rate in patients with combined rest pain and ischemic ulcers because the presence of rest pain CLTI patients had a significant negative effect on amputation risk. A separate subdivision for patients with combined ulcers and rest pain is indicated.

Keywords

chronic limb-threatening ischemia - ischemic ulcers - rest pain - Rutherford classification


Publication History

Article published online:
15 December 2023

© 2023. International College of Angiology. This article is published by Thieme.

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