Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776780
Original Article

Remineralizing Potential of Bioactive Glass–Ceramic over White Spot Lesions

Stéphanie O Silva
1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
Eduardo J. Soares
1   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
Ayodele A. Amorim
2   Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
Rocio Geng Vivanco
2   Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
Fernanda C.P. Pires-de-Souza 
2   Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective This study evaluated the effect of incorporating biosilicate (Bio) particles into experimental toothpaste (ET) on their abrasiveness and remineralization capacity for white spot lesions (WSLs).

Materials and Methods Thirty-two fragments of bovine teeth (6 × 6 × 2 mm) were obtained. Initial microhardness (Knoop hardness number [KHN], HMV Microhardness Meter, Shimadzu) and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700) readouts were performed. Fragments were submitted to a cariogenic challenge to simulate WSLs and then divided into four groups: Control, conventional toothpaste (Colgate Smiles, Colgate-Palmolive Company); ETF, ET with fluoride (carboxymethylcellulose + glycerol + thickening silica + fluoride); ETB, ET with Bio; BS, biosuspension (10 in weight% Bio). Toothpaste treatments were performed through simulated toothbrushing (Pepsodent, MAVTEC, 14,600 cycles). BS was applied by immersion for 8 hours followed by 16 hours in artificial saliva at 37°C for 60 days, totalizing 1,440 cycles. After treatments, final KHN and surface roughness readings were performed, and scanning electron microcopy (SEM) was conducted (Jeol JSM-6610LV) for morphological analysis. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results BS produced the least surface roughness change, different (p < 0.05) from all the other groups. ETB caused higher KHN than ETF (p < 0.05). SEM images revealed that ETB and BS resulted in abraded surfaces with deposition of particles.

Conclusion ETB resulted in similar abrasiveness to the control group, and it caused higher microhardness than the ETF.

Practical Implication Considering its higher KHN, ETB could be considered a proper alternative for the treatment of WSLs.

Keywords

toothpaste - biomaterial - biosilicate - white spot lesion - dental remineralization


Publication History

Article published online:
12 March 2024

© 2024. European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Amorim AA, de Arruda CNF, Vivanco RG, Bikker F, de Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of phytosphingosine on staining resistance and microhardness of tooth enamel. J Esthet Restor Dent 2021; 33 (02) 294-302
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Kanwal N, Brauer DS, Earl J, Wilson RM, Karpukhina N, Hill RG. In-vitro apatite formation capacity of a bioactive glass-containing toothpaste. J Dent 2018; 68: 51-58
    Google Scholar
  • 3 García-Godoy F, Hicks MJ. Maintaining the integrity of the enamel surface: the role of dental biofilm, saliva and preventive agents in enamel demineralization and remineralization. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139: 25S-34S
    Google Scholar
  • 4 da Silva ACB, Cruz Jdos S, Sampaio FC, de Araújo DA. Detection of oral streptococci in dental biofilm from caries-active and caries-free children. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39 (04) 648-651
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Valentijn-Benz M, van 't Hof W, Bikker FJ. et al. Sphingoid bases inhibit acid-induced demineralization of hydroxyapatite. Caries Res 2015; 49 (01) 9-17
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Slot DE, Valkenburg C, Van der Weijden GAF. Mechanical plaque removal of periodontal maintenance patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47 (Suppl. 22) 107-124
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Milly H, Festy F, Watson TF, Thompson I, Banerjee A. Enamel white spot lesions can remineralise using bio-active glass and polyacrylic acid-modified bio-active glass powders. J Dent 2014; 42 (02) 158-166
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Toti Ç, Meto A, Kaçani G. et al. White spots prevalence and tooth brush habits during orthodontic treatment. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10 (02) 320
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Tiano AVP, Moimaz SAS, Saliba O, Garbin CA. Prevalence of enamel white spots and risk factors in children up to 36 months old. Braz Oral Res 2009; 23 (02) 215-222
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Petersen PE. Prevention of dental caries through the effective use of fluoride – the public health approach. Stomatol Edu J 2016; 3 (3–4): 130-140
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Horst JA, Tanzer JM, Milgrom PM. Fluorides and other preventive strategies for tooth decay. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 62 (02) 207-234
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Chinelatti MA, Tirapelli C, Corona SAM. et al. Effect of a bioactive glass ceramic on the control of enamel and dentin erosion lesions. Braz Dent J 2017; 28 (04) 489-497
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Fernando D, Attik N, Pradelle-Plasse N, Jackson P, Grosgogeat B, Colon P. Bioactive glass for dentin remineralization: a systematic review. Mater Sci Eng C 2017; 76: 1369-1377
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Gjorgievska E, Nicholson JW. Prevention of enamel demineralization after tooth bleaching by bioactive glass incorporated into toothpaste. Aust Dent J 2011; 56 (02) 193-200
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Crovace MC, Souza MT, Chinaglia CR. et al. Biosilicate®—a multipurpose, highly bioactive glass-ceramic. In vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. J Non-Cryst Solids 2016; 432: 90-110
    Google Scholar
  • 16 de Morais RC, Silveira RE, Chinelatti MA. et al. Biosilicate as a dentin pretreatment for total-etch and self-etch adhesives: in vitro study. Int J Adhes Adhes 2016; 70: 271-276
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Moron BM, Miyazaki SS, Ito N. et al. Impact of different fluoride concentrations and pH of dentifrices on tooth erosion/abrasion in vitro. Aust Dent J 2013; 58 (01) 106-111
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Bijle MNA, Ekambaram M, Lo EC, Yiu CKY. The combined enamel remineralization potential of arginine and fluoride toothpaste. J Dent 2018; 76: 75-82
    Google Scholar
  • 19 Wiegand A, Kuhn M, Sener B, Roos M, Attin T. Abrasion of eroded dentin caused by toothpaste slurries of different abrasivity and toothbrushes of different filament diameter. J Dent 2009; 37 (06) 480-484
    Google Scholar
  • 20 Tirapelli C, Panzeri H, Lara EHG, Soares RG, Peitl O, Zanotto ED. The effect of a novel crystallised bioactive glass-ceramic powder on dentine hypersensitivity: a long-term clinical study. J Oral Rehabil 2011; 38 (04) 253-262
    Google Scholar
  • 21 Hunter ML, Addy M, Pickles MJ. et al. The role of toothpastes and toothbrushes in the aetiology of tooth wear. Int Dent J 2002; 52 (S5): 399-405
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Kielbassa AM, Gillmann L, Zantner C, Meyer-Lueckel H, Hellwig E, Schulte-Mönting J. Profilometric and microradiographic studies on the effects of toothpaste and acidic gel abrasivity on sound and demineralized bovine dental enamel. Caries Res 2005; 39 (05) 380-386
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Nassar HM, Lippert F, Eckert GJ, Hara AT. Impact of toothbrushing frequency and toothpaste fluoride/abrasivity levels on incipient artificial caries lesion abrasion. J Dent 2018; 76: 89-92
    Google Scholar
  • 24 Schlagenhauf U, Kunzelmann KH, Hannig C. et al. Impact of a non-fluoridated microcrystalline hydroxyapatite dentifrice on enamel caries progression in highly caries-susceptible orthodontic patients: A randomized, controlled 6-month trial. J Investig Clin Dent 2019; 10 (02) e12399
    Google Scholar
  • 25 Ali S, Farooq I, Shahid F, Hassan U, Zafar MS. Common toothpastes abrasives and methods of evaluating their abrasivity. J Oral Res 2020; ; Perspectives S3 (01) 9-15
    Google Scholar
  • 26 Kanduti D, Sterbenk P, Artnik B. Artnik. Fluoride: a review of use and effects on health. Mater Sociomed 2016; 28 (02) 133-137
    Google Scholar
  • 27 Caldas da Rocha DR, Ricomini Filho AP, Cury JA. Soluble fluoride in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-based toothpaste as an indicator of systemically bioavailable fluoride. Caries Res 2022; 56 (01) 55-63
    Google Scholar
  • 28 Gabbai-Armelin PR, Renno AC, Crovace MC. et al. Putty-like bone fillers based on CaP ceramics or Biosilicate® combined with carboxymethylcellulose: characterization, optimization, and evaluation. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32 (02) 276-288
    Google Scholar
  • 29 Geng Vivanco R, Tonani-Torrieri R, Souza ABS, Marquele-Oliveira F, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of natural primer associated to bioactive glass-ceramic on adhesive/dentin interface. J Dent 2021; 106: 103585
    Google Scholar
  • 30 Brauer DS, Karpukhina N, O'Donnell MD, Law RV, Hill RG. Fluoride-containing bioactive glasses: effect of glass design and structure on degradation, pH and apatite formation in simulated body fluid. Acta Biomater 2010; 6 (08) 3275-3282
    Google Scholar
  • 31 Fernandes HR, Gaddam A, Rebelo A, Brazete D, Stan GE, Ferreira JMF. Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics for healthcare applications in bone regeneration and tissue engineering. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11 (12) 2530
    Google Scholar
  • 32 Aoun A, Darwiche F, Al Hayek S, Doumit J. The fluoride debate: the pros and cons of fluoridation. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23 (03) 171-180
    Google Scholar
  • 33 Kirsch J, Hannig M, Winkel P. et al. Influence of pure fluorides and stannous ions on the initial bacterial colonization in situ. Sci Rep 2019; 9 (01) 18499
    Google Scholar
  • 34 Pajor K, Pajchel L, Kolmas J. Hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite in conservative dentistry and oral implantology—a review. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12 (17) 2683
    Google Scholar
  • 35 Alves KMRP, Pessan JP, Brighenti FL. et al. In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of acidic fluoride dentifrices. Caries Res 2007; 41 (04) 263-267
    Google Scholar
  • 36 Ferreira AC, de Lima Oliveira RF, Amorim AA, Geng-Vivanco R, de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza F. Remineralization of caries-affected dentin and color stability of teeth restored after treatment with silver diamine fluoride and bioactive glass-ceramic. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26 (07) 4805-4816
    Google Scholar
  • 37 Buzalaf MAR, Vilhena FV, Iano FG. et al. The effect of different fluoride concentrations and pH of dentifrices on plaque and nail fluoride levels in young children. Caries Res 2009; 43 (02) 142-146
    Google Scholar
  • 38 Naumova EA, Sandulescu T, Bochnig C, Gaengler P, Zimmer S, Arnold WH. Kinetics of fluoride bioavailability in supernatant saliva and salivary sediment. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57 (07) 870-876
    Google Scholar
  • 39 Ali S, Farooq I, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Khalifa KS, Alhooshani K, Sauro S. An in-vitro evaluation of fluoride content and enamel remineralization potential of two toothpastes containing different bioactive glasses. Biomed Mater Eng 2020; 30 (5–6): 487-496
    Google Scholar
  • 40 Amaechi BT, AbdulAzees PA, Alshareif DO. et al. Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children. BDJ Open 2019; 5: 18
    Google Scholar
  • 41 Rizvi A, Zafar MS, Al-Wasifi Y, Fareed W, Khurshid Z. Role of enamel deminerlization and remineralization on microtensile bond strength of resin composite. Eur J Dent 2016; 10 (03) 376-380
    Google Scholar