Periodontal disease and pregnancy: a comparative prospective study

Introduction Maternal periodontal disease is a highly prevalent condition and may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery, preeclampsia and low birth weight. The object of this study was to evaluate women's level of knowledge about this condition in pregnancy. We compared level of knowledge, participation in medical screening, and periodontal health status in pregnant women and nonpregnant controls.

Methods This single center study included 141 pregnant and 141 nonpregnant women. The Periodontal Screening Index was used as an indicator of the periodontal health status and a questionnaire was designed to assess the level of knowledge and capture predisposing factors.

Results Pregnant women showed a strong tendency towards higher Periodontal Screening Indices than the nonpregnant controls (P=0.058). A strong positive correlation between participation in screenings and a lower Periodontal Screening Index was measured, but no direct relation between knowledge and periodontal health was detected. However, a better level of knowledge correlated noticeably with participation in screening programs. Educational attainment was found to be a main factor correlated with periodontal health and further factors such as medical screening and smoking habits. A great number of women reported that they were not sufficiently informed about oral health aspects in pregnancy.

Conclusions Participation in screenings correlated positively with healthier periodontal status. The possible positive influence of knowledge regarding the participation in screening programs shows the need to spread awareness and educate properly.

Publication History

Article published online:
15 November 2023