Subscribe to RSS
![](/products/assets/desktop/img/oa-logo.png)
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775843
Responsiveness of the Immune System to Nanomedicine during Coronavirus Infections: Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Funding and Sponsorship The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00053247/202304/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0043-1775843_2380004-1.jpg)
Abstract
Objective Nanomedicine can play an important role in the various stages of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and research related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While nanomedicine is a powerful interdisciplinary means that offers various approaches in patient treatment, a number of factors should be critically studied to find approaches and mechanisms in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. This bibliometric analysis was designed to explore studies on the current knowledge of the structure, its mechanism of cell binding, and the therapeutic effect of nanomedicine on COVID-19.
Materials and Methods The study data was searched from Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) between 2017 and 2021. Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used to analyze and visualize patterns in scientific literature derived from WoS.
Results The three clusters of keywords resulted relating to aim. Cluster 1 looking into epidemiological and public health studies on COVID-19. Cluster 2 included terms associated with virus transition, such as receptor binding, membrane glycoprotein, membrane fusion, and viral envelope proteins. Cluster 3 involved high-frequency keywords associated with nanomedicine, such as metal nanoparticles, drug delivery system doxorubicin, immunology, immune response, inflammation, and unclassified drug. Keywords such as “nanotechnology” and “gold nanoparticles” were at the center of COVID-19 related clusters, indicating the importance of these areas during the outbreak.
Conclusions Understanding the advanced virology of coronaviruses and interfering with their spread through nanomedicine could significantly impact global health and economic stability. Continuous research is needed to accelerate the transfer of nanomedicine results into practice of treatment without risk of side effects.
Keywords
virus transition - nanomedicine - metal nanoparticles - gold nanoparticles - advanced virology of coronavirusesCompeting Interests
The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable.
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Availability of Data and Material
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Authors' Contributions
T.U.R. helped in conceptualization, methodology, and software. A.W. was involved in data curation, visualization, writing—reviewing and editing. M.R. contributed to writing—original draft preparation, visualization, and investigation; M.Z. was involved in supervision, methodology, software, and validation.
Compliance with Ethical Principles
Not applicable.
Publication History
Article published online:
03 October 2023
© 2023. The Libyan Biotechnology Research Center. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF. et al. Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16 (01) 71
- 2 Ruiz-Hitzky E, Darder M, Wicklein B. et al. Nanotechnology responses to COVID-19. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9 (19) e2000979
- 3 Sharma S. The role of nanomedicine in COVID-19 therapeutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17 (03) 133-136
- 4 Aderibigbe BA. Metal-based nanoparticles for the treatment of infectious diseases. Molecules 2017; 22 (08) 1370
- 5 Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Nanotechnology for health: a new useful technology in medicine. Med J Dr. DY Patil Uni 2017; 10 (05) 401
- 6 Prasad M, Lambe UP, Brar B. et al. Nanotherapeutics: an insight into healthcare and multi-dimensional applications in medical sector of the modern world. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97: 1521-1537
- 7 Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. Nanoparticles in the clinic: an update. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4 (03) e10143
- 8 Pitt CG, Gratzl MM, Kimmel GL, Surles J, Schindler A. Aliphatic polyesters II. The degradation of poly (DL-lactide), poly (epsilon-caprolactone), and their copolymers in vivo. Biomaterials 1981; 2 (04) 215-220
- 9 Barratt GM. Therapeutic applications of colloidal drug carriers. Pharm Sci Technol Today 2000; 3 (05) 163-171
- 10 Bertholon I, Ponchel G, Labarre D, Couvreur P, Vauthier C. Bioadhesive properties of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles coated with polysaccharide. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2006; 6 (9-10): 3102-3109
- 11 Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC. Long-circulating and target-specific nanoparticles: theory to practice. Pharmacol Rev 2001; 53 (02) 283-318
- 12 Panyam J, Labhasetwar V. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery to cells and tissue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55 (03) 329-347
- 13 Panyam J, Sahoo SK, Prabha S, Bargar T, Labhasetwar V. Fluorescence and electron microscopy probes for cellular and tissue uptake of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2003; 262 (1-2): 1-11
- 14 Chan JF, Lau SK, Woo PC. The emerging novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: the “knowns” and “unknowns”. J Formosan Med Assoc 2013; 112 (07) 372-381
- 15 Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367 (19) 1814-1820
- 16 Al-Ahdal MN, Al-Qahtani AA, Rubino S. Coronavirus respiratory illness in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Dev Ctries 2012; 6 (10) 692-694
- 17 van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF. et al. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med 2004; 10 (04) 368-373
- 18 Fouchier RA, Hartwig NG, Bestebroer TM. et al. A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101 (16) 6212-6216
- 19 Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA, Kuiken T. The aetiology of SARS: Koch's postulates fulfilled. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359 (1447) 1081-1082
- 20 Else H. How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing - in seven charts. Nature 2020; 588 (7839) 553
- 21 Riccaboni M, Verginer L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific research in the life sciences. PLoS One 2022; 17 (02) e0263001
- 22 Di Girolamo N, Meursinge Reynders R. Characteristics of scientific articles on COVID-19 published during the initial 3 months of the pandemic. Scientometrics 2020; 125 (01) 795-812
- 23 Mortola E, Roy P. Efficient assembly and release of SARS coronavirus-like particles by a heterologous expression system. FEBS Lett 2004; 576 (1-2): 174-178
- 24 Masters PS. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Adv Virus Res 2006; 66: 193-292
- 25 Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J 2019; 16 (01) 69
- 26 Du L, He Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zheng BJ, Jiang S. The spike protein of SARS-CoV–a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7 (03) 226-236
- 27 Xiao X, Chakraborti S, Dimitrov AS, Gramatikoff K, Dimitrov DS. The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein: expression and functional characterization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312 (04) 1159-1164
- 28 Simmons G, Gosalia DN, Rennekamp AJ, Reeves JD, Diamond SL, Bates P. Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102 (33) 11876-11881
- 29 Look M, Bandyopadhyay A, Blum JS, Fahmy TM. Application of nanotechnologies for improved immune response against infectious diseases in the developing world. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62 (4-5): 378-393
- 30 Kononenko V, Narat M, Drobne D. Nanoparticle interaction with the immune system. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2015; 66 (02) 97-108
- 31 Pandey RK, Prajapati VK. Molecular and immunological toxic effects of nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107 (Pt A): 1278-1293
- 32 Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE. Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. Nat Nanotechnol 2007; 2 (08) 469-478
- 33 Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Cytokines as biomarkers of nanoparticle immunotoxicity. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42 (12) 5552-5576
- 34 Huang X, Li M, Xu Y. et al. Novel gold nanorod-based HR1 peptide inhibitor for Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11 (22) 19799-19807
- 35 Du T, Liang J, Dong N. et al. Glutathione-capped Ag2S nanoclusters inhibit coronavirus proliferation through blockage of viral RNA synthesis and budding. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10 (05) 4369-4378
- 36 Balagna C, Perero S, Percivalle E, Nepita EV, Ferraris M. Virucidal effect against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 of a silver nanocluster/silica composite sputtered coating. Open Ceramics 2020; 1: 100006
- 37 Singh R, Lillard Jr JW. Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 86 (03) 215-223
- 38 Chauhan G, Madou MJ, Kalra S, Chopra V, Ghosh D, Martinez-Chapa SO. Nanotechnology for COVID-19: therapeutics and Vaccine Research. ACS Nano 2020; 14 (07) 7760-7782