Download PDF
Open Access
CC BY 4.0 · SynOpen 2025; 09(04): 292-301
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775503
paper

Synthesis and Characterization of Iodine-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst with Advanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic Methyl Orange and Congo Red

Authors

  • M. A. Mahmod

    a   Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

  • Mahmudul Hassan Suhag  ∗

    b   Department of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barishal-8254, Bangladesh

  • Gulshan Ara

    a   Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

  • Md. Shajahan

    a   Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

  • Md. Elias

    a   Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

  • Jahida Binte Islam

    c   Department of Chemistry, American International University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh

  • Abdus Samad∗

    a   Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

The authors are very grateful to Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS), Ministry of Education, Bangladesh for financial support to conduct this research work.
Further Information
  Permissions and Reprints All articles of this category


Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Iodine-based titanium dioxide composite (I-TiO2) was prepared by following the trouble-free hydrolysis method using iodic acid and tetrabutyl titanate. The prepared TiO2 and I-TiO2 composites have been characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, EDS, and FTIR spectroscopy. The anatase TiO2 was confirmed by XRD diffraction patterns with 5.699 nm in size. The successful synthesis of TiO2 both pure and doped was studied by FTIR spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials was investigated for degradation of organic dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and congo red (CR) with the irradiation of visible and ultraviolet (UV) light. The efficacy of the degradation of MO using I-TiO2 (15%) was 6.75 and 36.89 times greater than that using pure TiO2 with the irradiation of UV and visible light, respectively. Similarly, I-TiO2 (15%) showed superior photocatalytic activity to degrade CR compared to bare TiO2 by irradiation with both visible and UV light. The largest degradation (99% under UV and 89% under visible light) of the MO was obtained using I-TiO2 (15%) as catalyst after 210 minutes. The reuse of I-TiO2 (15%) as catalyst was also investigated showing negligible reduction of photocatalytic efficiency.

Key words

photocatalyst - iodine-doped - TiO2 - degradation - catalytic activity

Supporting Information



Publication History

Received: 05 October 2025

Accepted after revision: 13 November 2025

Article published online:
15 December 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany