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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2024; 18(02): 598-603
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774334
Original Article

Analysis of Consanguinity as Risk Factor of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lips with or without Palate

Yayun Siti Rochmah
1   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
,
Stefani Harumsari
2   Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
,
Sandy Christiono
3   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
,
Islamy Rahma Hutami
4   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
,
Siti Fatimah-Muis
5   Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
,
Sultana M.H. Faradz
6   Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
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Abstract

Objectives The etiologies of nonsyndromic cleft lips with or without palate (NS CL/P) are multifactorial, which include consanguineous marriages. The incidence of NS CL/P is relatively high in Indonesia notably in one of Indonesia's tribes whose members frequently marry close cousins. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analysis consanguinity as risk factor of NS CL/P in Sasak tribe, East Lombok, Indonesia

Materials and Methods An observational analysis was made of a collected database of NS CL/P patients treated in social services in regency hospital of Dr. Soejono Selong, East Lombok, Indonesia. Demographic data such as age, gender, address (urban/rural), parent's education, presence or absence of consanguinity, type of clefts, and a three-generation pedigree were collected by interview and hospital medical record. Before analysis, patient information was anonymized and deidentified. From 2016 to 2018, each of 100 cleft and normal subjects with their Sasak parent were audited. The risk factors were analyzed statistically using odds ratio (OR) and chi-squared test.

Results Consanguineous marriages identified 54 cases (54%), and 10 cases (10%) out of a total each 100 NS CL/P and controls, respectively. The majority of consanguinity (53.7%) was discovered in marriages between first cousins. NS CL/P cases were statistically linked (p = 0.00) with consanguineous marriages (OR: 10; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–3.1); in which the most prevalent case is unilateral cleft lips.

Conclusion Consanguineous marriage increases the risk of NS CL/P in Sasak tribe, East Lombok, Indonesia. The development of strategies to educate communities on the impacts of culture-consanguineous marriage is required. The genetic inheritance from their ancestor may be responsible for the increased incidence of NS CL/P.

Keywords

consanguinity - cleft lips - cleft palate

Authors' Contribution

Y.S.R. investigated and designed the study, analyzed the data, conducted the experiment and collected the results, and wrote and revised the manuscript. S.H. conducted a measuring investigation. S.C. reviewed the data and the manuscript. I.R.H. reviewed the data and the manuscript, and revised the manuscript for publication. S.F.-M. and S.M.H.F. analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript and revised the manuscript for the publication.




Publication History

Article published online:
23 November 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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