CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Yearb Med Inform 2023; 32(01): 286-299
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768716
History of Medical Informatics

Reflections Towards the Future of Medical Informatics

A Farewell Lecture after Almost Half a Century of Medical Informatics Activities
Reinhold Haux
Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Germany
› Author Affiliations

Summary

Objective: To provide guidance on the future development and role of medical informatics, or biomedical and health informatics, in form of reflections.

Method: To report on the author’s previous activities as a medical informatician, which spans almost half a century. It began in 1973 when he started to study medical informatics. In 1978, more than four decades ago, his professional work started. He retired at the end of summer semester 2021. This was the occasion to prepare this farewell lecture.

Results: In twenty reflections, thoughts are presented on professional careers (R1 – ‘places’), on medical informatics as discipline (R2 – ‘interdisciplinarity’, R3 – ‘focuses’, R4 – ‘affiliations’), on research (R5 – ‘duality’, R6 – ‘confluences’, R7 – ‘correlations’, R8 – ‘collaboration’), on education (R9 – ‘community’, R10 – ‘competencies’, R11 – ‘approaches’), on academic self-governance (R12 – ‘autonomy’), on engagement (R13 – ‘Sisyphos’, R14 – ‘professional societies’, R15 – ‘respect’, R16 – ‘tightrope walk’), and on good scientific practice (R17 – ‘time invariants’, R18 – ‘Zeitgeist’, R19 – ‘knowledge gain’, R20 – ‘exercising’).

Conclusions: It has been a pleasure for me to participate in medical informatics activities for almost fifty years. During that time, there have been significant advances, including in medicine and in informatics, and also in medical informatics itself. And now it is the turn of others. While keeping in mind that tradition is not preserving the ashes, but passing on the fire, this report with its reflections may be of some help.



Publication History

Article published online:
06 July 2023

© 2023. IMIA and Thieme. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 Haux R. Bin durch so manch’ Projekt gestolpert. Reflexionen zur Zukunft der Medizinischen Informatik: Schriftliche Ausarbeitung einer Abschiedsvorlesung, gehalten am 22. September 2021 an der TU Braunschweig, nach fast einem halben Jahrhundert Medizininformatik-Tätigkeit [Having stumbled through some projects. Reflections Towards the Future of Medical Informatics: Written Version of a Farewell Lecture, after Almost Half a Century of Biomedical and Health Informatics Activities]. German. GMS Med Inform Biom Epidemiol 2021;18:Doc01.
  • 2 DeepL GmbH, www.deepl.com. Last access: November 29, 2022.
  • 3 Haux R. On Determining Factors for Good Research in Biomedical and Health Informatics. Some Lessons Learned. Yearb Med Inform. 2014; 9: 255-264; discussion 255-64. doi: 10.15265/IY-2014-0025.
  • 4 Hersh W. A Stimulus to Define Informatics and Health Information Technology. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2009;9:24. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-9-24.
  • 5 Reichertz PL. The Challenge of Medical Informatics: Delusions or New Perspectives. Med Inform 1982;7:57-66. doi: 10.3109/14639238209020643.
  • 6 Reichertz PL. Preparing for Change: Concepts and Education in Medical Informatics. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1987; 25: 89-101. doi: 10.1016/0169-2607(87)90044-7.
  • 7 van Bemmel JH. A Comprehensive Model for Medical Information Processing. Methods Inf Med 1983;22:124-30.
  • 8 van Bemmel JH. Medical informatics, Art or Science? Methods Inf Med 1996;35:157-72; discussion 173-201.
  • 9 van Bemmel JH. Medical Informatics is Interdisciplinary Avant La Lettre. Methods Inf Med 2008;47:318-21. doi: 10.3414/me9119.
  • 10 Haux R. „Wer waren Deine wichtigsten Lehrer?“ [“Who were your most important teachers?“]. German. GMS Med Inform Biom Epidemiol 2013;9:Doc15.
  • 11 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision. UN; 2022. [available at: https://population.un.org/wpp/. Last access: November 29, 2022].
  • 12 Dickhaus H. A Comparative Summary of Six Health/Medical Informatics Programs. Methods Inf Med 1994;33:254-57.
  • 13 Moehr JR, Leven FJ, Rothemund M. Formal Education in Medical Informatics – Review of Ten Years’ Experience with a Specialized University Curriculum. Methods Inf Med 1982;21:169-80.
  • 14 Kaboth U, Adami B, Alexander M, Allé M, Arnold WN, Beckenbach H, et al.; DFG Study Group Virus Hepatitis Research. Kooperative prospektive Studie ‘Akute Virushepatitis’ (DFG) [Cooperative Prospective Study ‘Acute Viral Hepatitis‘ (DFG)]. German. Verh Dt Ges Innere Med 1980;86:749-76.
  • 15 Kaboth U, Arnold W, Biswas R, Böttcher U, Creutzfeldt W, Dormeyer HH, et al.; DFG Study Group Virus Hepatitis Research. Prospektive kooperative Studie ‘Klinisch gesunde HBsAg-Träger’ (DFG) [Cooperative Prospective Study ‘Healthy HBsAG Carriers‘ (DFG)]. German. Verh Dt Ges Innere Med 1980;86:744-49.
  • 16 Haux R, Schumacher M, Weckesser G. Rank Tests for Complete Block Designs. Biom J 1984;26:567-82.
  • 17 Alle M, Haux R, Schumacher M. Rank Tests and Ties – Some Properties of a Rank Test for Complete Block Designs. Commun Statist – Simula Computa 1984;13:183-212.
  • 18 Haux R. How to Detect and Prevent Errors in Computer-supported Statistical Analysis: An Example. Methods Inf Med 1983;22:87-92.
  • 19 Gerneth F, Haux R, Müller CA. Data Modeling for Immunological and Clinical Data of Leukemia and Myasthenia Patients. Methods Inf Med 1992;31:136-46.
  • 20 Brigl B, Ringleb P, Steiner T, Knaup P, Hacke W, Haux R. An Integrated Approach for a Knowledge-based Clinical Workstation: Architecture and Experience. Methods Inf Med 1998;37:16-25.
  • 21 Haux R, Grothe W, Runkel M, Schackert HK, Windeler HJ, Winter A, et al. Knowledge Retrieval as One Type of Knowledge-Based Decision Support in Medicine: Results of an Evaluation Study. Int J Biomed Comput 1996;41:69-85.
  • 22 Haux R, Hein A, Kolb G, Künemund H, Eichelberg M, Appel J-E, et al; Lower Saxony Research Network GAL. Information and Communication Technologies for Promoting and Sustaining Quality of Life, Health and Self-sufficiency in Ageing Societies – Outcomes of the Lower Saxony Research Network Design of Environments for Ageing (GAL). Inform Health Soc Care 2014;39:166-87. doi: 10.3109/17538157.2014.931849.
  • 23 Marschollek M, Becker M, Bauer JM, Bente P, Dasenbrock L, Elbers K, et al. Multimodal Activity Monitoring for Home Rehabilitation of Geriatric Fracture Patients – Feasibility and Acceptance of Sensor Systems in the GAL-NATARS Study. Inform Health Soc Care 2014;39:262-71. doi: 10.3109/17538157.2014.931852.
  • 24 Wang J, Bauer J, Becker M, Bente P, Dasenbrock L, Elbers K, et al. A Novel Approach for Discovering Human Behavior Patterns Using Unsupervised Methods. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2014;47:648-60. doi: 10.1007/s00391-014-0806-7.
  • 25 Haux R. Health Information Systems – Past, Present, Future. Int J Med Inform 2006;75:268-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.08.002.
  • 26 Haux R. Health Information Systems: Past, Present, Future - Revisited. Stud Health Technol Inform 2022;300:108-34. doi: 10.3233/SHTI220945.
  • 27 The author’s list of publications. Web site of PLRI, Team, Emeritus, Reinhold Haux. There a link to the list of publications can be found. [available at: https://plri.de/en/team/reinhold-haux. Last access: November 29, 2022].
  • 28 Winter A, Ammenwerth E, Haux R, Marschollek M, Steiner B, Jahn F. Health Information Systems. Technological and Management Perspectives. Cham: Springer Nature; 2023. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-12310-8.
  • 29 Haux R. Some Thoughts on Extended Collaboration of Entities with Natural and with Artificial Intelligence in Health Care and Beyond. Stud Health Technol Inform 2019;262:1-6. doi: 10.3233/SHTI190002.
  • 30 Haux R, Gahl K, Jipp M, Kruse R, Richter O, editors. Zusammenwirken von natürlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz [Collaboration of Natural and Arificial Intelligence]. German. Wiesbaden: Springer VS; 2021. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-30882-7.
  • 31 Ammenwerth E, Knaup P, Winter A, Bauer AW, Bott OJ, Gietzelt M, et al. On Teaching International Courses on Health Information Systems. Lessons Learned during 16 Years of Frank - van Swieten Lectures on Strategic Information Management in Health Information Systems. Methods Inf Med 2017;56:e39-e48. doi: 10.3414/ME16-01-0124.
  • 32 Haux R, Ammenwerth E, Häber A, Hübner-Bloder G, Knaup-Gregori P, Lechleitner G, et al. Medical informatics Education Needs Information System Practicums in Health Care Settings – Experiences and Lessons Learned from 32 Practicums at Four Universities in Two Countries. Methods Inf Med 2006;45:294-9.
  • 33 Jaspers K. Die Idee der Universität. [The Idea of the University]. German. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer; 1946.
  • 34 Mantas J, Ammenwerth E, Demiris G, Hasman A, Haux R, Hersh W, et al. IMIA Recommendations on Education Task Force. Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics. First Revision. Methods Inf Med 2010;49:105-20. doi: 10.3414/ME5119.
  • 35 Haux R, Leven FJ. The Medical Informatics Curriculum at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn: New Developments in its 5th Revision. Stud Health Technol Inform 2000;57:30-9.
  • 36 Leven FJ, Knaup P, Schmidt D, Wetter T. Medical informatics at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: Status – Evaluation – New Challenges in a Specialised Curriculum for Medical Informatics after Thirty Years of Evolution. Int J Med Inform 2004;73:117-25.
  • 37 Haux R. Biomedical and Health Informatics Education at UMIT– Approaches and Strategies at a Newly Founded University. Int J Med Inform 2004;73:127-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2003.11.012.
  • 38 Haux R, Marschollek M, Wolf KW, Zeisberg U. Should Degree Programs in Biomedical and Health Informatics be Dedicated or Integrated? Reflections and Recommendations after more than 40 Years of Medical Informatics Education at TU Braunschweig, Including 10 Years of B.Sc. and 15 Years of M.Sc. Integrated Degree Curricula. J Med Syst 2017;41:116. doi: 10.1007/s10916-017-0761-0.
  • 39 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Humanities/2008_December_20. Last access: November 29, 2022. Obviously, it seems to be one of the aphorisms that are considered significant and passed on, but for which there is no real source. The author heard it for the first time at an MHH retreat on February 7, 2013 from the then MHH President Dieter Bitter-Suermann.
  • 40 German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS). [available at : https://www.gmds.de/eng/. Last access: November 29, 2022].
  • 41 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). [available at: https://imia-medinfo.org/wp/. Last access: November 29, 2022].
  • 42 International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI). [available at: https://imia-medinfo.org/wp/iahsi/. Last access: November 29, 2022].
  • 43 Haux R. Preparing for Change: Medical Informatics International Initiatives For Health Care and Biomedical Research. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2007;88:191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2007.10.003.
  • 44 Haux R. Health Care and Informatics: On IMIA’s Opportunities and Responsibilities in its 5th decade. Yearb Med Inform 2008: 1-6.
  • 45 Haux R. IMIA and its Members: On Balancing Continuity and Transition in Biomedical and Health Informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2009:1-6.
  • 46 Haux R. IMIA: The Global Informatics Perspective for Good Health. Yearb Med Inform 2010:1-5.
  • 47 Haux R. Visions for IAHSI, the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2018;27:7-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1641214.
  • 48 Haux R, Ball MJ, Kimuara M, Martin-Sanchez F, Otero P, Huesing E, et al. The International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI): IMIAs Academy is Now Established and on Track. Yearb Med Inform 2020;29:11-4. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1701971.
  • 49 Martin-Sanchez F, Ball MJ, Kimura M, Otero P, Huesing E, Lehmann CU, et al. International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI): Strategy and Focus Areas, 1st Version. Yearb Med Inform 2020;29:15-25. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1701992.
  • 50 Haux R, Ball MJ, Hersh WR, Huesing E, Kimura M, Koch S, et al. The International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI): 2020 Report. Yearb Med Inform 2021;30:8-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1726479.
  • 51 McCray AT, Gefeller O, Aronsky D, Leong TY, Sarkar IN, Bergemann D, et al. The Birth and Evolution of a Discipline Devoted to Information in Biomedicine and Health Care. As Reflected in its Longest Running Journal. Methods Inf Med 2011;50:491-507. doi: 10.3414/ME11-06-0001.
  • 52 Lehmann CU, Jaulent M-C, Séroussi B. Silver Anniversary: 25 Editions of the IMIA Yearbook. Yearb Med Inform 2016:S3-5. doi: 10.15265/IYS-2016-s041.
  • 53 Haux R, Dudeck J, Gaus W, Leven FJ, Kunath H, Michaelis J, et al. Recommendations of the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology for Education and Training in Medical Informatics. Methods Inf Med 1992;31:60-70.
  • 54 International Medical Informatics Association, Working Group 1: Health and Medical Informatics Education. Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on Education in Health and Medical Informatics. Methods Inf Med 2000;39:267-77.
  • 55 Haux R, Kuballa S, Schulze M, Böhm C, Gefeller O, Haaf J, et al. Exploring Possibilities for Transforming Established Subscription-based Scientific Journals into Open Access Journals. Present Situation, Transformation Criteria, and Exemplary Implementation within Trans-O-MIM. Methods Inf Med 2016;55:481-7. doi: 10.3414/ME16-05-0010.
  • 56 Statutes of the International Medical Informatics Association. [available at: https://imia-medinfo.org/wp/imia-statutes/. Last access: November 29, 2022].
  • 57 German Research Association. Safeguarding Good Scientific Practise, extended edition. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2013. Zur Wissenschaftlichkeit in Medizin und Informatik. Informatik-Spektrum 1999;22:276-83.
  • 58 van Bemmel JH, McCray AT. The Renewed Promise of Medical Informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2016:S12-7. doi: 10.15265/IYS-2016-s011.
  • 59 Kulikowski CA. The Micro-Macro Spectrum of Medical Informatics Challenges: From Molecular Medicine to Transforming Health Care in a Globalizing Society. Methods Inf Med 2002;41:20-4.
  • 60 Grémy F. Hardware, Software, Peopleware, Subjectivity. A Philosophical Promenade. Methods Inf Med 2005; 44:352-8.
  • 61 van Bemmel JH. Reflections on Curiosity. Yearb Med Inform 2008:183-8.
  • 62 Kulikowski CA, Mihalas GI, Greenes RA, Park H-A, Yacubsohn V, editors. International Medical Informatics and the Transformation of Healthcare. HIM&CC and IMIA; 2021. [available at: https://imia-medinfo.org/wp/history-book/. Last access: November 29, 2022].
  • 63 Haux R. Medical Informatics: Past, Present, Future. Int J Med Inform 2010;79:599-610.
  • 64 Haux R. Aims and Tasks of Medical Informatics. Int J Med Inform 1997;44:9-20; discussion 21-87.