Download PDF
CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 2023; 14(02): 074-087
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768043
Guidelines

Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India Consensus Guidelines on Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Part II (Technical Aspects)

Jayanta Samanta 
1   Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Priyanka Udawat
2   School of EUS, Institute of Digestive and Liver Care, S. L. Raheja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Sudipta Dhar Chowdhary
3   Department of Gastroenterology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Deepak Gunjan 
4   Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
,
Praveer Rai 
5   Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Vikram Bhatia
6   Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
,
Vikas Singla 
7   Department of Gastroenterology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
,
Saurabh Mukewar
8   Department of Gastroenterology, Midas Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
,
Nilay Mehta
9   Department of Gastroenterology, Zydus Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India
,
Chalapathi Rao Achanta 
10   Department of Gastroenterology, KIMS ICON Hospital, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
,
Ankit Dalal
11   Baldota Institute of Digestive Sciences, Global Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
Manoj Kumar Sahu 
12   Institute of GI Sciences, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
,
Avinash Balekuduru
13   Department of Gastroenterology, MS Ramaiah Medical college and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Abhijit Bale 
14   Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Saptaghiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Jahangir Basha
15   Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Mathew Philip 
16   Department of Gastroenterology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India
,
Surinder Rana
1   Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Rajesh Puri
17   Institute of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
,
Sundeep Lakhtakia 
15   Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Vinay Dhir
2   School of EUS, Institute of Digestive and Liver Care, S. L. Raheja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
,
India EUS Club › Author Affiliations
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Endoscopic management of bile duct obstruction is a key aspect in gastroenterology practice and has evolved since the first description of biliary cannulation by McCune et al in 1968. Over many decades, the techniques and accessories have been refined, and currently, the first-line management for extrahepatic biliary obstruction is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, even in expert hands, the success rate of ERCP reaches up to 95%. In almost 4 to 16% cases, failure to cannulate the bile duct may necessitate other alternatives such as surgical bypass or, more commonly, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). While surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality, PTBD has a very high reintervention and complication rate (∼80%) and poor quality of life. Almost parallelly, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has come a long way from a mere diagnostic tool to a substantial therapeutic option in various pancreaticobiliary diseases. Biliary drainage using EUS-guidance (EUS-BD) has gained momentum since the first report published by Giovannini et al in 2001. The concept of accessing the bile duct through a different route than the papilla, circumventing the shortcomings of PTBD, and sometimes bypassing the actual obstruction have enthused a lot of interest in this novel strategy. The three key methods of EUS-BD entail transluminal, antegrade, and rendezvous approach. Over the past decade, with growing experience, EUS-BD has been found to be equivalent to ERCP or PTBD for malignant obstruction with better success rates. EUS-BD, however, is not devoid of adverse events and can carry fatal adverse events. However, neither the technique of EUS-BD nor the accessories and stents for EUS-BD have been standardized. Additionally, different countries and regions have different availability of the accessories, making generalizability a difficult task. Thus, technical aspects of this evolving therapy need to be outlined. For these reasons, Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India (SGEI) deemed it appropriate to develop technical consensus statements for performing safe and successful EUS-BD.

Keywords

biliary drainage - endoscopic ultrasound - obstructive jaundice

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Article published online:
24 April 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 McCune WS, Shorb PE, Moscovitz H. Endoscopic cannulation of the ampulla of vater: a preliminary report. Ann Surg 1968; 167 (05) 752-756
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Mukai S, Itoi T, Baron TH. et al. Indications and techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis in updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2017; 24 (10) 537-549
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Holt BA, Hawes R, Hasan M. et al. Biliary drainage: role of EUS guidance. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83 (01) 160-165
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Hayat U, Bakker C, Dirweesh A. et al. EUS-guided versus percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography biliary drainage for obstructed distal malignant biliary strictures in patients who have failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Ultrasound 2022; 11 (01) 4-16
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Giovannini M, Moutardier V, Pesenti C, Bories E, Lelong B, Delpero JR. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided bilioduodenal anastomosis: a new technique for biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2001; 33 (10) 898-900
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Sharaiha RZ, Khan MA, Kamal F. et al. Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided biliary drainage in comparison with percutaneous biliary drainage when ERCP fails: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 85 (05) 904-914
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Paik WH, Lee TH, Park DH. et al. EUS-guided biliary drainage versus ERCP for the primary palliation of malignant biliary obstruction: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113 (07) 987-997
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Park JK, Woo YS, Noh DH. et al. Efficacy of EUS-guided and ERCP-guided biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction: prospective randomized controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 88 (02) 277-282
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA. et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64 (04) 383-394
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Murad FM, Komanduri S, Abu Dayyeh BK. et al; ASGE Technology Committee. Echoendoscopes. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82 (02) 189-202
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Iwashita T, Nakai Y, Lee JG, Park DH, Muthusamy VR, Chang KJ. Newly-developed, forward-viewing echoendoscope: a comparative pilot study to the standard echoendoscope in the imaging of abdominal organs and feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27 (02) 362-367
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Fusaroli P, Ceroni L, Caletti G. Forward-view endoscopic ultrasound: a systematic review of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Endosc Ultrasound 2013; 2 (02) 64-70
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Hara K, Yamao K, Hijioka S. et al. Prospective clinical study of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy with direct metallic stent placement using a forward-viewing echoendoscope. Endoscopy 2013; 45 (05) 392-396
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Hara K, Okuno N, Haba S. et al. How to perform EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy easier and safer. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2020; 27 (08) 563-564
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Okuno N, Hara K, Mizuno N. et al. B2 puncture with forward-viewing EUS simplifies EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (with video). Endosc Ultrasound 2022; 11 (04) 319-324
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Kumbhari V, Peñas I, Tieu AH. et al. Interventional EUS using a flexible 19-gauge needle: an international multicenter experience in 162 patients. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61 (12) 3552-3559
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Martínez B, Martínez J, Casellas JA, Aparicio JR. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous in benign biliary or pancreatic disorders with a 22-gauge needle and a 0.018-inch guidewire. Endosc Int Open 2019; 7 (08) E1038-E1043
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Ogura T, Ueno S, Okuda A, Nishioka N, Higuchi K. EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy for hepaticojejunostomy stricture using a 22G needle and a mechanical dilator (with video). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2022; 29 (10) e88-e90
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Iwashita T, Ogura T, Ishiwatari H. et al. Utility of dedicated bougie dilator for a 0.018-inch guidewire during EUS-guided biliary drainage: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2022; 29 (07) 810-816
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Ogura T, Ueno S, Okuda A. et al. Expanding indications for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy for patients with insufficient dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct using a 22G needle combined with a novel 0.018-inch guidewire (with video). Dig Endosc 2022; 34 (01) 222-227
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Ogura T, Okuda A, Ueno S. et al. Prospective comparison study between 19-gauge needle with .025-inch guidewire and 22-gauge needle with novel .018-inch guidewire during EUS-guided transhepatic biliary drainage (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 96 (02) 262-268.e1
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Dhir V, Kwek BE, Bhandari S, Bapat M, Maydeo A. EUS-guided biliary rendezvous using a short hydrophilic guidewire. J Interv Gastroenterol 2011; 1 (04) 153-159
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Dhir V, Bhandari S, Bapat M, Maydeo A. Comparison of EUS-guided rendezvous and precut papillotomy techniques for biliary access (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 75 (02) 354-359
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Park DH, Jang JW, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. EUS-guided biliary drainage with transluminal stenting after failed ERCP: predictors of adverse events and long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74 (06) 1276-1284
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Khashab MA, Messallam AA, Penas I. et al. International multicenter comparative trial of transluminal EUS-guided biliary drainage via hepatogastrostomy vs. choledochoduodenostomy approaches. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4 (02) E175-E181
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Honjo M, Itoi T, Tsuchiya T. et al. Safety and efficacy of ultra-tapered mechanical dilator for EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy and pancreatic duct drainage compared with electrocautery dilator (with video). Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7 (06) 376-382
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Kitamura K, Yamamiya A, Ishii Y, Nomoto T, Honma T, Yoshida H. Electrocautery vs non-electrocautery dilation catheters in endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic fluid collection drainage. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 8 (13) 458-465
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Uemura RS, Khan MA, Otoch JP, Kahaleh M, Montero EF, Artifon ELA. EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy versus hepaticogastrostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52 (02) 123-130
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Ogura T, Itoi T. Technical tips and recent development of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy. DEN Open 2021; 1 (01) e8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Ryou M, Benias PC, Kumbhari V. Initial clinical experience of a steerable access device for EUS-guided biliary drainage. Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 91 (01) 178-184
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Ogura T, Higuchi K. Technical tips of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21 (03) 820-828
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Ogura T, Masuda D, Takeuchi T, Fukunishi S, Higuchi K. Intraluminal water filling technique to prevent double mucosal puncture during EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83 (04) 834-835
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Matsumoto S, Hara K, Mizuno N. et al. Risk factor analysis for adverse events and stent dysfunction of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy. Dig Endosc 2020; 32 (06) 957-966
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Cho DH, Lee SS, Oh D. et al. Long-term outcomes of a newly developed hybrid metal stent for EUS-guided biliary drainage (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 85 (05) 1067-1075
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Ogura T, Nishioka N, Yamada M, Yamada T, Higuchi K. Comparison study between double bare covered and fully covered metal stent during endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (with video). Dig Dis 2021; 39 (02) 165-170
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Binmoeller KF, Shah J. A novel lumen-apposing stent for transluminal drainage of nonadherent extraintestinal fluid collections. Endoscopy 2011; 43 (04) 337-342
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Anderloni A, Fugazza A, Troncone E. et al. Single-stage EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy using a lumen-apposing metal stent for malignant distal biliary obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 89 (01) 69-76
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Jacques J, Privat J, Pinard F. et al. EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy by use of electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents: a French multicenter study after implementation of the technique (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 92 (01) 134-141
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Krishnamoorthi R, Dasari CS, Thoguluva Chandrasekar V. et al. Effectiveness and safety of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2020; 34 (07) 2866-2877
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Amato A, Sinagra E, Celsa C. et al. Efficacy of lumen-apposing metal stents or self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy 2021; 53 (10) 1037-1047
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 El Chafic AH, Shah JN, Hamerski C. et al. EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for distal malignant biliary obstruction using electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents: first US, multicenter experience. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64 (11) 3321-3327
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 de Benito Sanz M, Nájera-Muñoz R, de la Serna-Higuera C. et al. Lumen apposing metal stents versus tubular self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy in malignant biliary obstruction. Surg Endosc 2021; 35 (12) 6754-6762
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Garcia-Sumalla A, Loras C, Guarner-Argente C. et al. Is a coaxial plastic stent within a lumen-apposing metal stent useful for the management of distal malignant biliary obstruction?. Surg Endosc 2021; 35 (08) 4873-4881
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Garcia-Sumalla A, Loras C, Sanchiz V. et al; Spanish Working Group on Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Biliary Drainage. Multicenter study of lumen-apposing metal stents with or without pigtail in endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for malignant obstruction-BAMPI TRIAL: an open-label, randomized controlled trial protocol. Trials 2022; 23 (01) 181
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Miyano A, Ogura T, Yamamoto K, Okuda A, Nishioka N, Higuchi K. Clinical impact of the intra-scope channel stent release technique in preventing stent migration during EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22 (07) 1312-1318
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Burmester E, Niehaus J, Leineweber T, Huetteroth T. EUS-cholangio-drainage of the bile duct: report of 4 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 57 (02) 246-251
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Li J, Tang J, Liu F, Fang J. Comparison of choledochoduodenostomy and hepaticogastrostomy for EUS-guided biliary drainage: a meta-analysis. Front Surg 2022; 9: 811005
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Okuno N, Hara K, Mizuno N. et al. Risks of transesophageal endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage. Int J Gastrointest Interv 2017; 6: 82-84
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Ogura T, Higuchi K. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: technical review and tips to prevent adverse events. Gut Liver 2021; 15 (02) 196-205
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Ogura T, Nishioka N, Ueno S. et al. Effect of echoendoscope angle on success of guidewire manipulation during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy. Endoscopy 2021; 53 (04) 369-375
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Ogura T, Masuda D, Takeuchi T, Fukunishi S, Higuchi K. Liver impaction technique to prevent shearing of the guidewire during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy. Endoscopy 2015; 47 (S 01): E583-E584
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Ueno S, Ogura T, Higuchi K. Moving scope technique for guidewire insertion during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy. Dig Endosc 2021; 33 (05) e109-e110
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Ogura T, Ueno S, Okuda A, Nishioka N, Higuchi K. Jumping technique for guidewire manipulation within an intrahepatic bile duct during EUS-guided biliary drainage (with video). Endosc Ultrasound 2021; 10 (04) 305-306
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Nishiguchi K, Ogura T, Nishioka N. et al. Clinical evaluation of physician-controlled guidewire manipulation during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (with video). Endosc Int Open 2021; 9 (03) E395-E400
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Oh D, Park DH, Song TJ. et al. Optimal biliary access point and learning curve for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with transmural stenting. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2017; 10 (01) 42-53
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Yamamoto Y, Ogura T, Nishioka N. et al. Risk factors for adverse events associated with bile leak during EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy. Endosc Ultrasound 2020; 9 (02) 110-115
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Ishiwatari H, Satoh T, Sato J. et al. Bile aspiration during EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy is associated with lower risk of postprocedural adverse events: a retrospective single-center study. Surg Endosc 2021; 35 (12) 6836-6845
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Park DH, Lee TH, Paik WH. et al. Feasibility and safety of a novel dedicated device for one-step EUS-guided biliary drainage: a randomized trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30 (10) 1461-1466
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Umeda J, Itoi T, Tsuchiya T. et al. A newly designed plastic stent for EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy: a prospective preliminary feasibility study (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82 (02) 390-396.e2
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Nakai Y, Isayama H, Yamamoto N. et al. Safety and effectiveness of a long, partially covered metal stent for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Endoscopy 2016; 48 (12) 1125-1128
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Yang MJ, Kim JH, Kim DJ, Hwang JC, Yoo BM. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: EUS-guided reintervention for extraluminal stent migration after EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33 (04) 772-772
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Ogura T, Yamamoto K, Sano T. et al. Stent length is impact factor associated with stent patency in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30 (12) 1748-1752
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Uchida D, Kawamoto H, Kato H. et al. The intra-conduit release method is useful for avoiding migration of metallic stents during EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (with video). J Med Ultrason 2018; 45 (03) 399-403
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Nguyen-Tang T, Binmoeller KF, Sanchez-Yague A, Shah JN. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transhepatic anterograde self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement across malignant biliary obstruction. Endoscopy 2010; 42 (03) 232-236
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Iwashita T, Doi S, Yasuda I. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage: a review. Clin J Gastroenterol 2014; 7 (02) 94-102
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Mukai S, Itoi T. EUS-guided antegrade procedures. Endosc Ultrasound 2019; 8 (Suppl. 01) S7-S13
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Iwashita T, Uemura S, Tezuka R. et al. Current status of endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade intervention for biliary diseases in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Dig Endosc 2022
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Almadi MA, Barkun AN, Martel M. No benefit of covered vs uncovered self-expandable metal stents in patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11 (01) 27-37.e1
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Iwashita T, Yasuda I, Mukai T. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade biliary stenting for unresectable malignant biliary obstruction in patients with surgically altered anatomy: single-center prospective pilot study. Dig Endosc 2017; 29 (03) 362-368
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Ogura T, Kitano M, Takenaka M. et al. Multicenter prospective evaluation study of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy combined with antegrade stenting (with video). Dig Endosc 2018; 30 (02) 252-259
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 So H, Oh D, Takenaka M. et al. Initial experience of endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade covered stent placement with long duodenal extension for malignant distal biliary obstruction (with video). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2021; 28 (12) 1130-1137
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Klair JS, Zafar Y, Ashat M. et al. Effectiveness and safety of EUS rendezvous after failed biliary cannulation with ERCP: a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57 (02) 211-217
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Dhir V, Bhandari S, Bapat M, Joshi N, Vivekanandarajah S, Maydeo A. Comparison of transhepatic and extrahepatic routes for EUS-guided rendezvous procedure for distal CBD obstruction. United European Gastroenterol J 2013; 1 (02) 103-108
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Iwashita T, Lee JG, Shinoura S. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous for biliary access after failed cannulation. Endoscopy 2012; 44 (01) 60-65
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Park DH, Jeong SU, Lee BU. et al. Prospective evaluation of a treatment algorithm with enhanced guidewire manipulation protocol for EUS-guided biliary drainage after failed ERCP (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78 (01) 91-101
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Okuno N, Hara K, Mizuno N. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous technique after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: which approach route is the best?. Intern Med 2017; 56 (23) 3135-3143
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Dhir V, Artifon EL, Gupta K. et al. Multicenter study on endoscopic ultrasound-guided expandable biliary metal stent placement: choice of access route, direction of stent insertion, and drainage route. Dig Endosc 2014; 26 (03) 430-435
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Iwashita T, Yasuda I, Mukai T. et al. EUS-guided rendezvous for difficult biliary cannulation using a standardized algorithm: a multicenter prospective pilot study (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83 (02) 394-400
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Dhir V. Top tips for EUS-guided biliary rendezvous (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 96 (05) 857-860
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Tang Z, Igbinomwanhia E, Elhanafi S, Othman MO. Endoscopic ultrasound guided rendezvous drainage of biliary obstruction using a new flexible 19-gauge fine needle aspiration needle. Diagn Ther Endosc 2016; 2016: 3125962
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Matsubara S, Nakagawa K, Suda K. et al. A proposed algorithm for endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous technique in failed biliary cannulation. J Clin Med 2020; 9 (12) 9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Nakai Y, Isayama H, Matsubara S. et al. A novel “hitch-and-ride” deep biliary cannulation method during rendezvous endoscopic ultrasound-guided ERCP technique. Endoscopy 2017; 49 (10) 983-988
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar