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CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 2023; 13(03): 323-331
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757967
Review Article

Effect of Distraction Interventions on Anxiety in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Meta-Analysis

Edlin Glane Mathias 
1   Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Mamatha Shivananda Pai 
1   Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Ann-Cathrine Bramhagen
2   Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden
› Author Affiliations Funding This review had not received any financial support.
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Abstract

Due to the unfamiliarity of the surroundings, children having surgery endure worry and tension. Untreated anxiety in children impairs postoperative healing and causes changes in postoperative behavior. The purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy of distraction therapies on anxiety in children undergoing surgery. The systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. PubMed via MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to find relevant trials. Full-text papers published in English from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021 were included. Children undergoing surgery aged 1 to 18 years were included. A data extraction form was created to extract data from the selected studies. According to the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, studies were classified as “low risk,” “high risk,” or “unclear risk.” Review Manager software was used to do a quantitative meta-analysis. Thirteen studies looked at the effect of distraction intervention on children. Nine of them were selected for meta-analysis. The distraction interventions included in this review were: handheld video game, play dough and play with blocks and puzzles, tablet-based interactive distraction, animated video, painting and storytelling, age-appropriate video, distraction with video glasses, watching a movie, and bringing favorite toy during hospital stay. Meta-analysis showed that distraction interventions are effective on preoperative anxiety in children (standardized mean difference = –17.07, 95% confidence interval: 27.11–7.02, p = 0.0009).

Keywords

children - distraction - review - surgery

Ethical Approval

This review has obtained institutional research committee approval.




Publication History

Article published online:
28 November 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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