RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755576
Lung Cancer Survival in Sri Lanka
Funding None.
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is the second commonest cancer among males in Sri Lanka. Real-world survival data are scarce, and we conducted a retrospective survival analysis among patients treated for lung cancer.
Methods All patients with primary lung cancer treated at three selected units during 2015–2016 were included in the study. Data on clinicopathological and treatment delivered were extracted from clinic records. Overall survival was considered the primary end-point.
Results The study population comprised 349 patients. The median age was 61 years and majority of patients (74%) were males. Adenocarcinoma (56%) was the commonest histological subtype, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (26%), whereas 6% of patients had small cell lung cancer. Only 10% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with curative intent, whereas 67% presented with systemic metastases. The median overall survival was 12 months in patients treated with curative intent and there was no significant difference between radical surgery and radiotherapy. The median overall survival was 3 months in those treated palliatively. On multivariate analysis, female gender and first-line treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors was associated with superior survival.
Conclusion More than 90% of lung cancer patients in Sri Lanka are treated with palliative intent. Further work is needed to identify patient and care pathway barriers to ensure diagnosis at an earlier stage.
Authors' Contributions
Conception and design: L.A., V.P., and N.J.; Data collection and analysis: All authors; Manuscript writing: L.A. and N.J.; Manuscript editing: All authors; Manuscript approval: All authors.
Data Availability Statement
Data are available on request from the authors.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
09. März 2023
© 2023. MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Fitzmaurice C, Dicker D, Pain A. et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. The global burden of cancer 2013. JAMA Oncol 2015; 1 (04) 505-527
- 2 Pakzad R, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Ghoncheh M, Pakzad I, Salehiniya H. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer and their relationship to development in Asia. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 4 (06) 763-774
- 3 National Cancer Control Programme. Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka: Cancer Incidence Data Sri Lanka 2014. Accessed March 12, 2021 at: http://www.health.gov.lk/moh_final/english/public/elfinder/files/publications/2018/Cancer%20Incidence%20in%20Sri%20Lanka%20-2014.pdf
- 4 Joseph N, Gunasekera S, Ariyaratne Y, Choudhury A. Clinical oncology in Sri Lanka: Embracing the promise of the future. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105 (03) 466-470
- 5 Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D. et al. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (04) 351-364
- 6 WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2021. Country Profile - Sri Lanka. Accessed 20th February 2023 at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/who_rgte_2021_sri_lanka.pdf
- 7 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA. (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2018, National Cancer Institute. . Bethesda, MD, https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2018/ (Accessed 20th February 2023)
- 8 Mohan A, Garg A, Gupta A. et al. Clinical profile of lung cancer in North India: a 10-year analysis of 1862 patients from a tertiary care center. Lung India 2020; 37 (03) 190-197
- 9 Nations JA, Brown DW, Shao S, Shriver CD, Zhu K. Comparative trends in the distribution of lung cancer stage at diagnosis in the Department of Defense Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, 1989-2012. Mil Med 2020; 185 (11-12): e2044-e2048
- 10 Malik PS, Sharma MC, Mohanti BK. et al. Clinico-pathological profile of lung cancer at AIIMS: a changing paradigm in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14 (01) 489-494
- 11 Noronha V, Pinninti R, Patil VM, Joshi A, Prabhash K. Lung cancer in the Indian subcontinent. South Asian J Cancer 2016; 5 (03) 95-103
- 12 van Meerbeeck JP, Fennell DA, De Ruysscher DK. Small-cell lung cancer. Lancet 2011; 378 (9804): 1741-1755
- 13 Luo YH, Luo L, Wampfler JA. et al. 5-year overall survival in patients with lung cancer eligible or ineligible for screening according to US Preventive Services Task Force criteria: a prospective, observational cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20 (08) 1098-1108
- 14 Balawardena J, Skandarajah T, Rathnayake W, Joseph N. Breast cancer survival in Sri Lanka. JCO Glob Oncol 2020; 6: 589-599
- 15 Joseph N, Jayalath H, Balawardena J. et al. Radical external-beam radiotherapy in combination with intracavitary brachytherapy for localized carcinoma of the cervix in Sri Lanka: is treatment delayed treatment denied?. JCO Glob Oncol 2020; 6: 1574-1581
- 16 Bar J, Urban D, Amit U. et al. Long-term survival of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer over five decades. J Oncol 2021; 2021: 7836264