Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 2023; 13(01): 064-072
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748633
Original Article

Gender Determination by Measuring Maxillary Sinus Volume Using Computed Tomography

Sashisaroj Tarkeshwar Tiwari
1   Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Shrikrishna U.
1   Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Jaseemudheen MM 
2   Department of Medical Imaging Technology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Rationale and Objectives Skeleton analysis based on age and gender is of great importance since it is an initial step in personal identification and can be used to rebuild biological profiles and narrow down diagnosis toward correct possibilities of any unknown skeletons. Different dimensions of the maxillary sinus (MS) can be used to differentiate between gender. This study aims to evaluate and compare the dimensions and volume of MS among age and genders.

Materials and Methods Ninety patients (male 49, female 41) were studied. Different dimensions of MS, like anteroposterior (AP), superioinferior (SI), mediolateral (ML) diameter, volume of MS, and the distance between two MS were measured on computed tomography (CT) paranasal sinus images using an inbuilt electronic caliper on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software.

Statistical Analysis Independent t-test and analysis of variance were used for data analysis in genders and age groups. Paired t-test was used for comparison of right and left MS.

Results The dimensions and volume of MS were higher in males than females. Dimensions such as AP, SI diameter (p < 0.005), and volume of MS (p < 0.001) were significantly different in genders. The ML diameter and the distance between two MS were statistically insignificant in genders. No significant difference between MS dimensions and volume was noted in different age groups, but age group 3 (41–55 years) showed higher mean values for all the measurements. A consistency was noted in the measurements in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images.

Conclusion MS dimensions are greater in males compared with females. The different dimensions and volumes of the MS using 2D or 3D CT scan images can be used along with other methods for gender determination in forensic anthropology.

Keywords

forensic anthropology - maxillary sinus - paranasal sinus


Publication History

Article published online:
29 May 2022

© 2022. Nitte (Deemed to be University). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Attia A, El-Badrawy A, Shebel H. Gender identification from maxillary sinus using multi-detector computed tomography. Mansoura J Forensic Med Clin Toxicol 2012; 20 (01) 17-28
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Tambawala SS, Karjodkar FR, Sansare K, Prakash N. Sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2016; 6 (02) 120-125
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Deshmukh A, Devershi D. Comparison of cranial sex determination by univariate and multivariate analysis. J Anat Soc India 2006; 55 (02) 48-51
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 4 Mudgade D, Motghare P, Kunjir G, Darwade A, Raut A. Prevalence of anatomical variations in maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2018; 30 (01) 18
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Whyte A, Chapeikin G. Opaque maxillary antrum: a pictorial review. Australas Radiol 2005; 49 (03) 203-213
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Bangi BB, Ginjupally U, Nadendla LK, Vadla B. 3D evaluation of maxillary sinus using computed tomography: a sexual dimorphic study. Int J Dent 2017; 2017: 9017078
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Fernandes CL. Forensic ethnic identification of crania: the role of the maxillary sinus–a new approach. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2004; 25 (04) 302-313
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Gupta C, Kumar S. Antony SD, Lakshmi NK. A study of morphometric evaluation of the maxillary sinuses in normal subjects using computer tomography images. Arch Med Health Sci 2014; 2 (01) 12
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Ariji Y, Kuroki T, Moriguchi S, Ariji E, Kanda S. Age changes in the volume of the human maxillary sinus: a study using computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1994; 23 (03) 163-168
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Sharma SK, Jehan M, Kumar A. Measurements of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions by computed tomography scan for gender determination. J Anat Soc India 2014; 63 (01) 36-42
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Najem S, Safwat W, Elaziz R, Gaweesh Y. Maxillary sinus assessment for gender and age determination using cone beam computed tomography in an Egyptian sample. Alexandria Dent J 2020; 46 (02) 63-69
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 12 Leth PM (2011). CT-scanning in Forensic Medicine. In K. Subburaj (Ed.), CT-scanning - Techniques and Applications (pp. 311-328). InTech - Open Access Publisher.
  • 13 Wanzeler AMV, Alves-Júnior SM, Ayres L, da Costa Prestes MC, Gomes JT, Tuji FM. Sex estimation using paranasal sinus discriminant analysis: a new approach via cone beam computerized tomography volume analysis. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133 (06) 1977-1984
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL. Rhinitis and sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125 (2, Suppl 2): S103-S115
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Lerno P. Identification par le sinus maxillaire. Chir Dent Fr 1983; 53 (216) 39-40
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Urooge A, Patil BA. Sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus: a morphometric analysis using cone beam computed tomography. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11 (03) ZC67-ZC70
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Teke HY, Duran S, Canturk N, Canturk G. Determination of gender by measuring the size of the maxillary sinuses in computerized tomography scans. Surg Radiol Anat 2007; 29 (01) 9-13
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Uthman AT, Al-Rawi NH, Al-Naaimi AS, Al-Timimi JF. Evaluation of maxillary sinus dimensions in gender determination using helical CT scanning. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56 (02) 403-408
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Karakas S, Kavakli A. Morphometric examination of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells using computed tomography. Ann Saudi Med 2005; 25 (01) 41-45
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Abed-Allah M, Mahdi A. Maxillary sinus measurements in different age groups of human cadavers. Tikrit J Dent Sci 2013; 1: 107-112
    Search in Google Scholar