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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2023; 15(01): 020-024
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747678
Original Article

Evaluation of Serum Mammaglobin as an Alternative Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Breast Tumors

Maira Fatima
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Kompella S. S. Sai Baba
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Neelam N. R. Sreedevi
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Japa P. Kumar
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Gottumukkala S. Raju
2   Department of Surgical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Shantveer G. Uppin
3   Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Madrol V. Bhaskar
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Siraj Ahmed Khan
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Krishna M. Iyyapu 
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Mohammed Noorjahan 
1   Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
› Institutsangaben Funding None.
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Abstract

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in India and accounts for 14% of all cancers in women. Rise in mortality is due to lack of awareness and proper screening. Mammography and presently available serum biomarkers have low sensitivity and specificity. In our quest to identify a better biomarker, we studied mammaglobin (MAM) in patients with breast cancer and benign breast tumors.

Aim To evaluate serum mammaglobin in breast cancer patients and compare it with benign breast tumor patients and healthy controls. To compare it with existing biomarkers serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15–3 (CA 15–3). Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional, case–control study of 77 subjects, of which 27 were breast cancer patients, 20 benign breast tumor patients, and 30 healthy controls. Serum CEA and CA15–3 were estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and mammaglobin (MAM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results Mammaglobin and CEA levels were elevated in breast cancer patients, followed by benign breast tumors when compared with controls (P < 0.000001). Mammaglobin showed 81.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 88.9% negative predictive value (NPV). CEA showed 88.9% sensitivity, 82.5% specificity, 77.4% PPV, and 91.7% NPV. The area under the curve was the highest for MAM (0.892), followed by CEA (0.889) and CA 15–3 (0.555). CA15–3 showed poor diagnostic efficacy. Combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the biomarkers MAM and CEA had an AUC of 0.913.

Conclusion Mammaglobin proved to be an efficacious biomarker in diagnosing breast cancer.

Keywords

breast cancer - breast tumor - CA 15–3 - CEA - MAM - mammaglobin


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
17. August 2022

© 2022. The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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