Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-120538
Exercise as an Effective Transgenerational Strategy to Overcome Metabolic Syndrome in the Future Generation: Are We There?
Publication History
received 11 July 2016
first decision 24 October 2016
accepted 08 November 2016
Publication Date:
11 May 2017 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/eced/201706/lookinside/thumbnails/07-2016-0264-endo_10-1055-s-0042-120538-1.jpg)
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consist in a combination of cardiovascular risk factors including elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity. Exercise performed before, during and after pregnancy can exert positive effects to counteract MetS risk factors. Here this review aims to analyze the effects of exercise performed before (fathers and mothers) and after periconception (mothers) by using experimental models and its effects on MetS risk factors in offspring. All selected studies investigated the effects of aerobic exercise before, during and after periconception on MetS risk factors in offspring, while no studies utilizing resistance exercise were found. Exercise performed before, and after periconception exerted preventive effects in the offspring, with regards to MetS risk factors. However, more studies focusing on the dose-response of exercise before, and after periconception may reveal interesting results on MetS risk factor in offspring. Thus, the prevention from chronic degenerative diseases can be improved by mother exercise and might be associated with epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, hPTMs (histone post translational modifications), non-coding RNAs (ex: MicroRNAs) which results phenotypic modifications by individual genome reprograming. Otherwise, results from paternal exercise are inconclusive at this time.
-
References
- 1 Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL. et al. The metabolic syndrome Endocr Rev 2008; 29: 777-822
- 2 Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome pandemic Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28: 629-636
- 3 Nichols GA, Moler EJ. Metabolic syndrome components are associated with future medical costs independent of cardiovascular hospitalization and incident diabetes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011; 9: 127-133
- 4 Lin HF, Boden-Albala B, Juo SH. et al. Heritabilities of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Northern Manhattan Family Study. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 2006-2012
- 5 Bellia A, Giardina E, Lauro D. et al. "The Linosa Study": epidemiological and heritability data of the metabolic syndrome in a Caucasian genetic isolate. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19: 455-461
- 6 Shim U, Kim HN, Sung YA. et al. Pathway analysis of metabolic syndrome using a genome-wide association study of Korea Associated Resource (KARE) Cohorts. Genomics Inform 2014; 12: 195-202
- 7 Kraja AT, Vaidya D, Pankow JS. et al. A bivariate genome-wide approach to metabolic syndrome: STAMPEED consortium. Diabetes 2011; 60: 1329-1339
- 8 Zabaneh D, Balding DJ. A genome-wide association study of the metabolic syndrome in Indian Asian men. PLoS One 2010; 4: e11961
- 9 Kristiansson K, Perola M, Tikkanen E. et al. Genome-wide screen for metabolic syndrome susceptibility Loci reveals strong lipid gene contribution but no evidence for common genetic basis for clustering of metabolic syndrome traits. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2012; 5: 242-249
- 10 Stančáková A, Laakso M. Genetics of metabolic syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2014; 15: 243-252
- 11 Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. The biology of the metabolic syndrome and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19: 5-11
- 12 Kuneš J, Vaněčková I, Mikulášková B. et al. Epigenetics and a new look on metabolic syndrome. Physiol Res 2015; 64: 611-620
- 13 LaMonte MJ, Barlow CE, Jurca R. et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective study of men and women. Circulation. 2005; 26; 112 505-512
- 14 Jurca R, Lamonte MJ, Barlow CE. et al. Association of muscular strength with incidence of metabolic syndrome in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 1849-1855
- 15 Vieira DC, Tibana RA, Tajra V. et al. Decreased functional capacity and muscle strength in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8: 1377-1386
- 16 Peterson MD, Al Snih S, Stoddard J. et al. Obesity misclassification and the metabolic syndrome in adults with functional mobility impairments: Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. Prev Med 2014; 60: 71-76
- 17 Teixeira TG, Tibana RA, Nascimento DC. et al. Quality of life and metabolic syndrome women: analysis of the correlation with aerobic fitness and muscle strength. Motricidade 2015; 11: 48-61
- 18 Tibana RA, Nascimento Dda C, de Sousa NM. et al. Enhancing of women functional status with metabolic syndrome by cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of combined aerobic and resistance training. PLoS One 2014; 7 9: e110160
- 19 Tibana RA, Navalta J, Bottaro M. et al. Effects of eight weeks of resistance training on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in overweight/obese women – "A Pilot Study". Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 28 5 11
- 20 Huypens P, Sass S, Wu M. et al. Epigenetic germline inheritance of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Nat Genet 2016; 48: 497-499
- 21 Tequeanes AL, Gigante DP, Assunção MC. et al. Maternal anthropometry is associated with the body mass index and waist: height ratio of offspring at 23 years of age. J Nutr 2009; 139: 750-754
- 22 Huda SS, Brodie LE, Sattar N. Obesity in pregnancy: prevalence and metabolic consequences. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 15: 70-76
- 23 Ng SF, Lin RC, Laybutt DR. et al. Chronic high-fat diet in fathers programs beta-cell dysfunction in female rat offspring. Nature 2010; 467: 963-966
- 24 Barker DJ, Winter PD, Osmond C. et al. Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1989; 2: 577-580
- 25 Barker DJ, Eriksson JG, Forsén T. et al. Fetal origins of adult disease: strength of effects and biological basis. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31: 1235-1239
- 26 Aagaard-Tillery KM, Grove K, Bishop J. et al. Developmental origins of disease and determinants of chromatin structure: maternal diet modifies the primate fetal epigenome. J Mol Endocrinol 2008; 41: 91-102
- 27 Niemelä S, Sourander A, Surcel HM et al. Prenatal nicotine exposure and risk of schizophrenia among offspring in a national birth cohort. Am J Psychiatry Epub 2016
- 28 Carter LG, Lewis KN, Wilkerson DC. et al. Perinatal exercise improves glucose homeostasis in adult offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 15 303 E1061-E1068
- 29 Laker RC, Lillard TS, Okutsu M. et al. Exercise prevents maternal high-fat diet-induced hypermethylation of the Pgc-1α gene and age-dependent metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Diabetes 2014; 63: 1605-1611
- 30 Stanford KI, Lee MY, Getchell KM. et al. Exercise before and during pregnancy prevents the deleterious effects of maternal high-fat feeding on metabolic health of male offspring. Diabetes 2015; 64: 427-433
- 31 Wasinski F, Bacurau RF, Estrela GR. et al. Exercise during pregnancy protects adult mouse offspring from diet-induced obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 18 12 56
- 32 Raipuria M, Bahari H, Morris MJ. Effects of maternal diet and exercise during pregnancy on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and fat of weanling rats. PLoS One 2015; 8 10 e0120980
- 33 Bae-Gartz I, Janoschek R, Kloppe CS. et al. Running exercise in obese pregnancies prevents IL-6 trans-signaling in male offspring. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48: 829-838
- 34 Bahls M, Sheldon RD, Taheripour P. et al. Mother's exercise during pregnancy programmes vasomotor function in adult offspring. Exp Physiol 2014; 99: 205-219
- 35 Newcomer SC, Taheripour P, Bahls M. et al. Impact of porcine maternal aerobic exercise training during pregnancy on endothelial cell function of offspring at birth. J DevOrig Health Dis 2012; 3: 4-9
- 36 Blaize AN, Breslin E, Donkin SS. et al. Maternal exercise does not significantly alter adult rat offspring vascular function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47: 2340-2346
- 37 Ding GL, Wang FF, Shu J. et al. Transgenerational glucose intolerance with Igf2/H19 epigenetic alterations in mouse islet induced by intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes 2012; 61: 1133-1142
- 38 Schmidt E, Kornfeld JW. Decoding Lamarck – transgenerational control of metabolism by noncoding RNAs. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468: 959-969
- 39 Fullston T, Teague EM, Palmer NO. et al. Paternal obesity initiates metabolic disturbances in two generations of mice with incomplete penetrance to the F2 generation and alters the transcriptional profile of testis and sperm microRNA content. FASEB J 2013; 27: 4226-4243
- 40 Ornellas F, Souza-Mello V, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. et al. Programming of obesity and comorbidities in the progeny: lessons from a model of diet-induced obese parents. PLoS One 2015; 16 10 e0124737
- 41 Murashov AK, Pak ES, Koury M. et al. Paternal long-term exercise programs offspring for low energy expenditure and increased risk for obesity in mice. FASEB J 2016; 775-784 2016; 30: 775–784
- 42 McPherson NO, Owens JA, Fullston T. et al. Preconception diet or exercise intervention in obese fathers normalizes sperm microRNA profile and metabolic syndrome in female offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308: E805-E821
- 43 Carter LG, Qi NR, De Cabo R. et al. Maternal exercise improves insulin sensitivity in mature rat offspring. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45: 832-840
- 44 Sheldon RD, Nicole Blaize A, Fletcher JA. et al. Gestational exercise protects adult male offspring from high-fat diet induced hepatic steatosi s. J Hepatol 2016; 64: 171-178