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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2016; 84(12): 748-755
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119025
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Das Basissymptomkonzept und sein Einfluss auf die heutige internationale Forschung zur Psychoseprädiktion

The Basic-Symptom Concept and its Influence on Current International Research on the Prediction of Psychoses
F. Schultze-Lutter
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Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
12. Dezember 2016 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Früherkennung von Psychosen hat in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten zunehmend an wissenschaftlicher und klinischer Bedeutung gewonnen, und neben dem auf die unmittelbar bevorstehende psychotische Dekompensation abzielenden Ultra-high-risk(UHR)-Ansatz wird der auf frühzeitigere Vorhersagen von Psychosen ausgelegte Ansatz nach dem Basissymptomkonzept weltweit immer mehr eingesetzt. Der vorliegende Überblicksartikel gibt eine Einführung in die Entwicklung und die grundlegenden Annahmen des Basissymptomkonzepts, fasst die heutige Befundlage zur Psychosespezifität von Basissymptomen in verschiedenen Altersgruppen sowie zu ihrer Eignung für die Vorhersage psychotischer Erstmanifestationen zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Befunde. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, inwieweit die konzeptimmanente Annahme, dass Basissymptome der direkteste vom Patienten wahrnehmbare und beschreibbare phänomenologische Ausdruck der zugrunde liegenden zentralen Erkrankungsprozesse seien, bereits in ersten Bildgebungsstudien gestützt werden konnte und damit Basissymptome in Zukunft wohlmöglich auch wertvolle Hinweise für neurobiologische Studien geben können.

Abstract

The early detection of psychoses has become increasingly relevant in research and clinic. Next to the ultra-high risk (UHR) approach that targets an immediate risk of developing frank psychosis, the basic symptom approach that targets the earliest possible detection of the developing disorder is being increasingly used worldwide. The present review gives an introduction to the development and basic assumptions of the basic symptom concept, summarizes the results of studies on the specificity of basic symptoms for psychoses in different age groups as well as on studies of their psychosis-predictive value, and gives an outlook on future results. Moreover, a brief introduction to first recent imaging studies is given that supports one of the main assumptions of the basic symptom concept, i. e., that basic symptoms are the most immediate phenomenological expression of the cerebral aberrations underlying the development of psychosis. From this, it is concluded that basic symptoms might be able to provide important information on future neurobiological research on the etiopathology of psychoses.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychose - Prävention - Basissymptome - COPER - COGDIS - Risikokriterien

Key words

psychosis - prevention - basic symptoms - COPER - COGDIS - risk criteria
 

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