Erlangen, den 28.11.2016 – 241. Stellungnahme der DGGG: Stellungnahme zum Thema Zikavirus-Infektion während der Schwangerschaft, Auswirkungen auf den Feten und Empfehlungen zur Überwachung und Diagnostik

Die Datenlage zur Evidenz eines Kausalzusammenhangs zwischen transplazentarer Infektion und angeborenen ZNS-Auffälligkeiten hat in den vergangenen Monaten stetig zugenommen [1], [2], [3]. Allerdings ist es weiterhin sehr schwierig, das individuelle Risiko zu benennen.

• Literatur

• 1 Mylonas I, Dieterle S, Hampl M. et al. Zika-Virus-Infektion in der Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe. Der Gynäkologe 2016; 49: 786-794
• 2 Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ, Honein MA. et al. Zika virus and birth defects–reviewing the evidence for causality. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1981-1987
• 3 Cordeiro MT, Pena LJ, Brito CA. et al. Positive IgM for Zika virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of 30 neonates with microcephaly in Brazil. Lancet 2016; 387: 1811-1812
• 4 Brasil P, Pereira jr. JP, Moreira ME. et al. Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 2321-2334
• 5 Cauchemez S, Besnard M, Bompard P. et al. Association between Zika virus and microcephaly in French Polynesia, 2013-15: a retrospective study. Lancet 2016; 387: 2125-2132
• 6 Jaenisch T, Rosenberger KD, Brito C. et al. Risk of microcephaly after Zika virus infection in Brazil, 2015 to 2016. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 95: 191-198
• 7 Johansson MA, Mier-y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J. et al. Zika and the risk of microcephaly. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 1-4
• 8 Friese K, Mylonas I, Schulze A. Infektionserkrankungen der Schwangeren und des Neugeborenen. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013
• 9 Nishiura H, Mizumoto K, Rock KS. et al. A theoretical estimate of the risk of microcephaly during pregnancy with Zika virus infection. Epidemics 2016; 15: 66-70
• 10 Pacheco O, Beltrán M, Nelson CA. et al. Zika virus disease in Colombia – preliminary report. N Engl J Med 2016; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1604037.
• 11 Boorman JP, Porterfield JS. A simple technique for infection of mosquitoes with viruses; transmission of Zika virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1956; 50: 238-242
• 12 Vega-Rua A, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R, Mousson L. et al. Chikungunya virus transmission potential by local Aedes mosquitoes in the Americas and Europe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9: e0003780
• 13 Petersen LR, Busch MP. Transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. Vox Sang 2010; 98: 495-503
• 14 Musso D, Nhan T, Robin E. et al. Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014. Euro Surveill 2014; 19: pii:20761
• 15 Marano G, Pupella S, Vaglio S. et al. Zika virus and the never-ending story of emerging pathogens and transfusion medicine. Blood Transfus 2016; 14: 95-100
• 16 Musso D, Stramer SL, Committee AT-TD. et al. International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases. Zika virus: a new challenge for blood transfusion. Lancet 2016; 387: 1993-1994
• 17 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus infection outbreak, Brazil and the Pacific region 26 May 2015. 2015. Online: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/rapid-risk-assessment-Zika%2520virus-south-america-Brazil-2015.pdf Stand: 25.11.2016
• 18 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Epidemiological update: complications potentially linked to Zika virus outbreak, Brazil and French Polynesia. November 27, 2015. 2015. Online: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/press/news/_layouts/forms/News_DispForm.aspx?ID=1332&List=8db7286c-fe2d-476c-9133-18ff4cb1b568&Source=http%253A%252F%252Fecdc%252Eeuropa%252Eeu%252Fen%252Fpress%252Fepidemiological%255Fupdates%252FPages%252Fepidemiological%255Fupdates%252Easpx Stand: 25.11.2016
• 19 World Health Organization (WHO). Zika situation report. 8 Sep 2016. 2016. Online: http://www.who.int/emergencies/zikavirus/&%236;situation-report/8-september-2016/en/ Stand: 15.09.2016
• 20 Hills SL, Russell K, Hennessey M. et al. Transmission of Zika virus through sexual contact with travelers to areas of ongoing transmission – Continental United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 215-216
• 21 McCarthy M. Zika virus was transmitted by sexual contact in Texas, health officials report. BMJ 2016; 352: i720
• 22 Venturi G, Zammarchi L, Fortuna C. et al. An autochthonous case of Zika due to possible sexual transmission, Florence, Italy, 2014. Euro Surveill 2016; 21: 30148
• 23 Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Chilson Foy JL. et al. Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17: 880-882
• 24 Musso D, Roche C, Robin E. et al. Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21: 359-361
• 25 Mansuy JM, Dutertre M, Mengelle C. et al. Zika virus: high infectious viral load in semen, a new sexually transmitted pathogen?. Lancet Infect Dis 2016; 16: 405
• 26 Frank C, Cadar D, Schlaphof A. et al. Sexual transmission of Zika virus in Germany, April 2016. Euro Surveill 2016; DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.23.30252.
• 27 DʼOrtenzio E, Matheron S, Yazdanpanah Y. et al. Evidence of sexual transmission of Zika virus. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 2195-2198
• 28 Deckard DT, Chung WM, Brooks JT. et al. Male-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus – Texas, January 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 372-374
• 29 Fréour T, Mirallié S, Hubert B. et al. Sexual transmission of Zika virus in an entirely asymptomatic couple returning from a Zika epidemic area, France, April 2016. Euro Surveill 2016; DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.23.30254.
• 30 Brooks RB, Carlos MP, Myers RA. et al. Likely sexual transmission of Zika virus from a man with no symptoms of infection – Maryland, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 915-916
• 31 Davidson A, Slavinski S, Komoto K. et al. Suspected female-to-male sexual transmission of zika virus – New York City, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 716-717
• 32 Reusken C, Pas S, GeurtsvanKessel C. et al. Longitudinal follow-up of Zika virus RNA in semen of a traveller returning from Barbados to the Netherlands with Zika virus disease, March 2016. Euro Surveill 2016; DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.23.30251.
• 33 Atkinson B, Hearn P, Afrough B. et al. Detection of Zika virus in semen. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22: 940
• 34 Turmel JM, Abgueguen P, Hubert B. et al. Late sexual transmission of Zika virus related to persistence in the semen. Lancet 2016; 387: 2501
• 35 Althaus CL, Low N. How relevant Is sexual transmission of Zika virus?. PLoS Med 2016; 13: e1002157
• 36 Shuaib W, Stanazai H, Abazid AG. et al. Re-Emergence of Zika virus: a review on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Am J Med 2016; 129: 879.e7-879.e12
• 37 Paixao ES, Barreto F, Teixeira Mda G. et al. History, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of Zika: a systematic review. Am J Public Health 2016; 106: 606-612
• 38 Oduyebo T, Petersen EE, Rasmussen SA. et al. Update: Interim guidelines for health care providers caring for pregnant women and women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure – United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 122-127
• 39 European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC). Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus disease epidemic: potential associa-tion with microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. 2016. Online: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/rapid-risk-assessment-zika-virus-sixth-update-May-2016.pdf Stand: 20.05.2016
• 40 Martines RB, Bhatnagar J, Keating MK. et al. Notes from the field: evidence of Zika virus infection in brain and placental tissues from two congenitally infected newborns and two fetal losses – Brazil, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 159-160
• 41 Schuler-Faccini L, Ribeiro EM, Feitosa IM. et al. Possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly – Brazil, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 59-62
• 42 Besnard M, Lastere S, Teissier A. et al. Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014. Euro Surveill 2014; 19: pii:20751
• 43 Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Biron A, OʼConnor O. et al. Infectious Zika viral particles in breastmilk. Lancet 2016; 387: 1051
• 44 Franca GV, Schuler-Faccini L, Oliveira WK. et al. Congenital Zika virus syndrome in Brazil: a case series of the first 1501 livebirths with complete investigation. Lancet 2016; 388: 891-897
• 45 Oliveira Melo AS, Malinger G, Ximenes R. et al. Zika virus intrauterine infection causes fetal brain abnormality and microcephaly: tip of the iceberg?. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 6-7
• 46 Mlakar J, Korva M, Tul N. et al. Zika virus associated with microcephaly. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 951-958
• 47 Jouannic JM, Friszer S, Leparc-Goffart I. et al. Zika virus infection in French Polynesia. Lancet 2016; 387: 1051-1052
• 48 Cofre F. [Zika virus intrauterine infection causes fetal brain abnormality and microcephaly: tip of the iceberg?]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2016; 33: 96
• 49 Huzly D, Hanselmann I, Schmidt-Chanasit J. et al. High specificity of a novel Zika virus ELISA in European patients after exposure to different flaviviruses. Euro Surveill 2016; DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.16.30203.
• 50 Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ. et al. Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 1232-1239
• 51 Baud D, Van Mieghem T, Musso D. et al. Clinical management of pregnant women exposed to Zika virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2016; DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30008-1.
• 52 Papageorghiou AT, Thilaganathan B, Bilardo CM. et al. ISUOG Interim Guidance on ultrasound for Zika virus infection in pregnancy: information for healthcare professionals. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 530-532
• 53 Staples JE, Dziuban EJ, Fischer M. et al. Interim Guidelines for the evaluation and testing of infants with possible congenital Zika virus infection – United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 63-67
• 54 (AA) Auswärtiges Amt. Gesundheitsdienst – 04/16/JS/GB – Merkblatt für Beschäftigte und und Reisendeeisende – Zika-Virus-Infektion. April 2016. 2016. Online: http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/722280/publicationFile/212139/Zika-Virus.pdf Stand: 25.11.2016
• 55 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin (DGTM). Aktualisierung zu Zika. 14. März 2016. 2016. Online: http://www.dtg.org/24.html?&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=136&cHash=cd8002635595379205e7612258861c95 Stand: 25.11.2016
• 56 World Health Organization (WHO). Interim guidance: Prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus. 2016. Online: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/zika/sexual-transmission-prevention/en/ Stand: 25.11.2016
• 57 Petersen EE, Meaney-Delman D, Neblett-Fanfair R. et al. Update: Interim Guidance for preconception counseling and prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus for persons with possible Zika virus exposure – United States, September 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 1077-1081