RSS-Feed abonnieren
![](/products/assets/desktop/img/oa-logo.png)
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739411
2021 Focused Update Consensus Guidelines of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society on Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary[*]
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00035024/202201/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0041-1739411_210619-1.jpg)
Abstract
The consensus of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) has been published in 2017 which provided useful clinical guidance for cardiologists, neurologists, geriatricians, and general practitioners in the Asia-Pacific region. In these years, many important new data regarding stroke prevention in AF were reported. The practice guidelines subcommittee members comprehensively reviewed updated information on stroke prevention in AF, and summarized them in this 2021 focused update of the 2017 consensus guidelines of the APHRS on stroke prevention in AF. We highlighted and focused on several issues, including the importance of the AF Better Care pathway, the advantages of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for Asians, the considerations of use of NOACs for Asian AF patients with single one stroke risk factor beyond gender, the role of lifestyle factors on stroke risk, the use of oral anticoagulants during the “coronavirus disease 2019” pandemic, etc. We fully realize that there are gaps, unaddressed questions, and many areas of uncertainty and debate in the current knowledge of AF, and the physician's decision remains the most important factor in the management of AF.
* This is an executive summary of the full consensus guideline, which is published in Journal of Arrhythmia by Chao et al. [6]
Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor-in-Chief.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 15. Oktober 2021
Angenommen: 20. Oktober 2021
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
13. November 2021
© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
References
- 1 Zhang J, Johnsen SP, Guo Y, Lip GYH. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: geographic/ecological risk factors, age, sex, genetics. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2021; 13 (01) 1-23
- 2 Chao TF, Liu CJ, Tuan TC. et al. Lifetime risks, projected numbers, and adverse outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the Taiwan nationwide AF cohort study. Chest 2018; 153 (02) 453-466
- 3 Kim D, Yang PS, Jang E. et al. 10-year nationwide trends of the incidence, prevalence, and adverse outcomes of non-valvular atrial fibrillation nationwide health insurance data covering the entire Korean population. Am Heart J 2018; 202: 20-26
- 4 Bai Y, Wang YL, Shantsila A, Lip GYH. The global burden of atrial fibrillation and stroke: a systematic review of the clinical epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in Asia. Chest 2017; 152 (04) 810-820
- 5 Chao TF, Chiang CE, Lin YJ. et al. Evolving changes of the use of oral anticoagulants and outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in Taiwan. Circulation 2018; 138 (14) 1485-1487
- 6 Chao TF, Joung B, Takahashi Y. et al. 2021 Focused update of the 2017 consensus guidelines of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.051.
- 7 Lip GYH. The ABC pathway: an integrated approach to improve AF management. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14 (11) 627-628
- 8 Romiti GF, Pastori D, Rivera-Caravaca JM. et al. Adherence to the ‘Atrial Fibrillation Better Care’ pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation: impact on clinical outcomes-a systematic review and meta-analysis of 285,000 patients. Thromb Haemost 2021; DOI: 10.1055/a-1515-9630.
- 9 Lip GYH, Banerjee A, Boriani G. et al. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest 2018; 154 (05) 1121-1201
- 10 Joung B, Lee JM, Lee KH. et al; KHRS Atrial Fibrillation Guideline Working Group. 2018 Korean guideline of atrial fibrillation management. Korean Circ J 2018; 48 (12) 1033-1080
- 11 Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2021; 42 (05) 373-498
- 12 Chiang CE, Okumura K, Zhang S. et al. 2017 consensus of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm 2017; 33 (04) 345-367
- 13 Chao TF, Liu CJ, Wang KL. et al. Using the CHA2DS2-VASc score for refining stroke risk stratification in ‘low-risk’ Asian patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64 (16) 1658-1665
- 14 Xiong Q, Chen S, Senoo K, Proietti M, Hong K, Lip GY. The CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for predicting ischemic stroke among East Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 195: 237-242
- 15 Chao TF, Liu CJ, Tuan TC. et al. Comparisons of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation: which scoring system should be used for Asians?. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13 (01) 46-53
- 16 Kang SH, Choi EK, Han KD. et al. Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation not receiving oral anticoagulants - Korean nationwide population-based study. Circ J 2017; 81 (08) 1158-1164
- 17 Kim TH, Yang PS, Uhm JS. et al. CHA2DS2-VASc score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 [doubled], diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack [doubled], vascular disease, age 65-74, female) for stroke in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a Korean nationwide sample cohort study. Stroke 2017; 48 (06) 1524-1530
- 18 Kim TH, Yang PS, Kim D. et al. CHA2DS2-VASc score for identifying truly low-risk atrial fibrillation for stroke: a Korean nationwide cohort study. Stroke 2017; 48 (11) 2984-2990
- 19 Noubiap JJ, Feteh VF, Middeldorp ME. et al. A meta-analysis of clinical risk factors for stroke in anticoagulant-naïve patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2021; 23 (10) 1528-1538
- 20 Chao TF, Lip GYH, Lin YJ. et al. Age threshold for the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights into the optimal assessment of age and incident comorbidities. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (19) 1504-1514
- 21 Kim TH, Yang PS, Yu HT. et al. Age threshold for ischemic stroke risk in atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2018; 49 (08) 1872-1879
- 22 Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Skjøth F, Overvad TF, Lip GY. Stroke and thromboembolic event rates in atrial fibrillation according to different guideline treatment thresholds: a nationwide cohort study. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 27410
- 23 Chang TY, Lip GYH, Chen SA, Chao TF. Importance of risk reassessment in patients with atrial fibrillation in guidelines: assessing risk as a dynamic process. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35 (05) 611-618
- 24 Chao TF, Lip GYH, Liu CJ. et al. Relationship of aging and incident comorbidities to stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71 (02) 122-132
- 25 Chao TF, Chiang CE, Chen TJ, Lip GYH, Chen SA. Reassessment of risk for stroke during follow-up of patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2019; 170 (09) 663-664
- 26 Yoon M, Yang PS, Jang E. et al. Dynamic changes of CHA2DS2-VASc score and the risk of ischaemic stroke in asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118 (07) 1296-1304
- 27 Fauchier L, Bodin A, Bisson A. et al. Incident comorbidities, aging and the risk of stroke in 608,108 patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9 (04) 9
- 28 Chao TF, Liao JN, Tuan TC. et al. Incident co-morbidities in patients with atrial fibrillation initially with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 (males) or 1 (females): implications for reassessment of stroke risk in initially ‘low-risk’ patients. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119 (07) 1162-1170
- 29 Borre ED, Goode A, Raitz G. et al. Predicting thromboembolic and bleeding event risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118 (12) 2171-2187
- 30 Proietti M, Romiti GF, Vitolo M, Potpara TS, Boriani G, Lip GYH. Comparison of HAS-BLED and ORBIT bleeding risk scores in AF patients treated with NOACs: a report from the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF general long-term registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2021; DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab069.
- 31 Guo Y, Zhu H, Chen Y, Lip GYH. Comparing bleeding risk assessment focused on modifiable risk factors only versus validated bleeding risk scores in atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 2018; 131 (02) 185-192
- 32 Chao TF, Lip GYH, Lin YJ. et al. Incident risk factors and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants: a comparison of baseline, follow-up and delta HAS-BLED scores with an approach focused on modifiable bleeding risk factors. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118 (04) 768-777
- 33 Guo Y, Lane DA, Wang L. et al; mAF-App II Trial Investigators. Mobile health technology to improve care for patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75 (13) 1523-1534
- 34 Guo Y, Lane DA, Chen Y, Lip GYH. mAF-App II Trial investigators. Regular bleeding risk assessment associated with reduction in bleeding outcomes: the mAFA-II randomized trial. Am J Med 2020; 133 (10) 1195.e2-1202.e2
- 35 Chao TF, Chan YH, Chiang CE. et al. Continuation or discontinuation of oral anticoagulants after HAS-BLED scores increase in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01816-z.
- 36 Chao TF, Chan YH, Tuan TC. et al. Should oral anticoagulants still be prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation with a single stroke risk factor but at high bleeding risk? a nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2021; DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab050.
- 37 Lip GYH, Collet JP, de Caterina R. et al. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation associated with valvular heart disease: executive summary of a joint consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, Endorsed by the ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease, Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), South African Heart (SA Heart) Association and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiología (SOLEACE). Thromb Haemost 2017; 117 (12) 2215-2236
- 38 Connolly S, Pogue J, Hart R. et al; ACTIVE Writing Group of the ACTIVE Investigators. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 367 (9526): 1903-1912
- 39 Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S. et al; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361 (12) 1139-1151
- 40 Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C. et al; AVERROES Steering Committee and Investigators. Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 364 (09) 806-817
- 41 Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ. et al; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (11) 981-992
- 42 Chao TF, Chen SA, Lip GYH. Recommendations on stroke prevention for patients having a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 (males) or 2 (females) in 2019 atrial fibrillation guidelines. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 29 (07) 427-428
- 43 Chao TF, Liu CJ, Wang KL. et al. Should atrial fibrillation patients with 1 additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score (beyond sex) receive oral anticoagulation?. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65 (07) 635-642
- 44 Chao TF, Wang KL, Liu CJ. et al. Age threshold for increased stroke risk among patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study from Taiwan. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (12) 1339-1347
- 45 Chao TF, Chiang CE, Liao JN, Chen TJ, Lip GYH, Chen SA. Comparing the effectiveness and safety of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in elderly asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Chest 2020; 157 (05) 1266-1277
- 46 Kuo L, Chan YH, Liao JN, Chen SA, Chao TF. Stroke and bleeding risk assessment in atrial fibrillation: where are we now?. Korean Circ J 2021; 51 (08) 668-680
- 47 Lee SR, Lee YS, Park JS. et al. Label adherence for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in a prospective cohort of Asian patients with atrial fibrillation. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60 (03) 277-284
- 48 Lee SR, Choi EK, Han KD, Jung JH, Oh S, Lip GYH. Optimal rivaroxaban dose in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation and normal or mildly impaired renal function. Stroke 2019; 50 (05) 1140-1148
- 49 Cheng WH, Chao TF, Lin YJ. et al. Low-dose rivaroxaban and risks of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2019; 50 (09) 2574-2577
- 50 Chan YH, Chao TF, Chen SW. et al. Off-label dosing of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and clinical outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17 (12) 2102-2110
- 51 Yu HT, Yang PS, Jang E. et al. Label adherence of direct oral anticoagulants dosing and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9 (12) e014177
- 52 Lee SR, Choi EK, Park SH. et al. Off-label underdosed apixaban use in Asian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2021; 7 (05) 415-423
- 53 Kim D, Yang PS, Jang E. et al. The optimal drug adherence to maximize the efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant in real-world atrial fibrillation patients. Europace 2020; 22 (04) 547-557
- 54 Kim H, Lee YS, Kim TH. et al. A prospective survey of the persistence of warfarin or NOAC in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation (CODE-AF). Korean J Intern Med (Korean Assoc Intern Med) 2020; 35 (01) 99-108
- 55 Guo Y, Kotalczyk A, Imberti JF, Wang Y, Lip GYH. Quality indicators in the management of elderly Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the Optimal Thromboprophylaxis in Elderly Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (ChiOTEAF) registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2021; DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab057.
- 56 Pandey AK, Xu K, Zhang L. et al. Lower versus standard INR targets in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120 (03) 484-494
- 57 Berwaerts J, Dijkhuizen RS, Robb OJ, Webster J. Prediction of functional outcome and in-hospital mortality after admission with oral anticoagulant-related intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2000; 31 (11) 2558-2562
- 58 Wan Y, Heneghan C, Perera R. et al. Anticoagulation control and prediction of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2008; 1 (02) 84-91
- 59 Proietti M, Lane DA, Lip GY. Relation of the SAMe-TT2R2 score to quality of anticoagulation control and thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation patients: observations from the SPORTIF trials. Int J Cardiol 2016; 216: 168-172
- 60 Chan PH, Hai JJ, Chan EW. et al. Use of the SAMe-TT2R2 score to predict good anticoagulation control with warfarin in chinese patients with atrial fibrillation: relationship to ischemic stroke incidence. PLoS One 2016; 11 (03) e0150674
- 61 Roldán V, Cancio S, Gálvez J. et al. The SAMe-TT2R2 score predicts poor anticoagulation control in AF patients: a prospective ‘real-world’ inception cohort study. Am J Med 2015; 128 (11) 1237-1243
- 62 Gallego P, Roldán V, Marin F. et al. SAMe-TT2R2 score, time in therapeutic range, and outcomes in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 2014; 127 (11) 1083-1088
- 63 Apostolakis S, Sullivan RM, Olshansky B, Lip GYH. Factors affecting quality of anticoagulation control among patients with atrial fibrillation on warfarin: the SAMe-TT2R2 score. Chest 2013; 144 (05) 1555-1563
- 64 Phrommintikul A, Nathisuwan S, Gunaparn S. et al; TREATS-AF Study Group. Prospective randomised trial examining the impact of an educational intervention versus usual care on anticoagulation therapy control based on an SAMe-TT2R2 score-guided strategy in anticoagulant-naïve Thai patients with atrial fibrillation (TREATS-AF): a study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11 (10) e051987
- 65 Wang KL, Lip GY, Lin SJ, Chiang CE. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in Asian patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: meta-analysis. Stroke 2015; 46 (09) 2555-2561
- 66 Liu T, Hui J, Hou YY. et al. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of low-intensity warfarin therapy for East Asian patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120 (09) 1562-1567
- 67 Kodani E, Atarashi H, Inoue H, Okumura K, Yamashita T. J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators. Target intensity of anticoagulation with warfarin in Japanese patients with valvular atrial fibrillation – subanalysis of the J-RHYTHM registry. Circ J 2015; 79 (02) 325-330
- 68 Chao TF, Guo Y. Should we adopt a standard international normalized ratio range of 2.0 to 3.0 for Asian patients with atrial fibrillation? An appeal for evidence-based management, not eminence-based recommendations. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120 (03) 366-368
- 69 Pritchett RV, Bem D, Turner GM. et al. Improving the prescription of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119 (02) 294-307
- 70 Hwang J, Han S, Bae HJ. et al. NOAC adherence of patients with atrial fibrillation in the real world: dosing frequency matters?. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120 (02) 306-313
- 71 Jones NR, Crawford W, Yang Y, Hobbs FDR, Taylor CJ, Petrou S. A systematic review of economic aspects of service interventions to increase anticoagulation use in atrial fibrillation. Thromb Haemost 2021
- 72 Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E. et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2014; 383 (9921): 955-962
- 73 Chao TF, Chen SA, Ruff CT. et al. Clinical outcomes, edoxaban concentration, and anti-factor Xa activity of Asian patients with atrial fibrillation compared with non-Asians in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (19) 1518-1527
- 74 Chan YH, Lee HF, Chao TF. et al. Real-world comparisons of direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in asian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 33 (06) 701-710
- 75 Chao TF, Liu CJ, Lin YJ. et al. Oral anticoagulation in very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2018; 138 (01) 37-47
- 76 Lee SR, Choi EK, Park CS. et al. Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and low body weight. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 (08) 919-931
- 77 Lee SR, Lee HJ, Choi EK. et al. Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and liver disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 (25) 3295-3308
- 78 Kuo L, Chao TF, Liu CJ. et al. Liver cirrhosis in patients with atrial fibrillation: would oral anticoagulation have a net clinical benefit for stroke prevention?. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (06) 6
- 79 Kwon S, Lee SR, Choi EK. et al. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in very elderly east Asians with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study. Am Heart J 2020; 229: 81-91
- 80 Tsai CT, Liao JN, Chen SJ, Jiang YR, Chen TJ, Chao TF. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in AF patients ≥ 85 years. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51 (06) e13488
- 81 Yao X, Shah ND, Sangaralingham LR, Gersh BJ, Noseworthy PA. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69 (23) 2779-2790
- 82 Pokorney SD, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. When less is not more. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69: 2791-2793
- 83 Wang KL, Lopes RD, Patel MR. et al. Efficacy and safety of reduced-dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (19) 1492-1500
- 84 Cheng WH, Chan YH, Liao JN, Kuo L, Chen SA, Chao TF. Optimal management of anticoagulation therapy in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation. Circ J 2021; 85 (08) 1245-1253
- 85 Chan YH, Chao TF, Lee HF. et al. Impacts of different renal function estimation formulas on dosing of DOACs and clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76 (15) 1808-1810
- 86 Chan YH, Lee HF, Wang CL. et al. Comparisons of rivaroxaban following different dosage criteria (ROCKET AF or J-ROCKET AF trials) in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8 (21) e013053
- 87 Angiolillo DJ, Goodman SG, Bhatt DL. et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a North American Perspective-2016 update. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9 (11) 9
- 88 Park J, Choi EK, Han KD. et al. Temporal trends in prevalence and antithrombotic treatment among Asians with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a nationwide Korean population-based study. PLoS One 2019; 14 (01) e0209593
- 89 Kwon S, Jung JH, Choi EK. et al. Impact of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants on the change of antithrombotic regimens in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Korean Circ J 2021; 51 (05) 409-422
- 90 Vitolo M, Javed S, Capodanno D, Rubboli A, Boriani G, Lip GYH. Antithrombotic treatment in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: focus on stent thrombosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18 (09) 587-600
- 91 Kim HK, Tantry US, Smith Jr SC. et al. The East Asian paradox: an updated position statement on the challenges to the current antithrombotic strategy in patients with cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121 (04) 422-432
- 92 Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheugt FW. et al; WOEST study investigators. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 381 (9872): 1107-1115
- 93 Gibson CM, Mehran R, Bode C. et al. Prevention of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI. N Engl J Med 2016; 375 (25) 2423-2434
- 94 Cannon CP, Bhatt DL, Oldgren J. et al; RE-DUAL PCI Steering Committee and Investigators. Dual antithrombotic therapy with dabigatran after PCI in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2017; 377 (16) 1513-1524
- 95 Lopes RD, Heizer G, Aronson R. et al; AUGUSTUS Investigators. Antithrombotic therapy after acute coronary syndrome or PCI in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (16) 1509-1524
- 96 Vranckx P, Valgimigli M, Eckardt L. et al. Edoxaban-based versus vitamin K antagonist-based antithrombotic regimen after successful coronary stenting in patients with atrial fibrillation (ENTRUST-AF PCI): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial. Lancet 2019; 394 (10206): 1335-1343
- 97 Oldgren J, Steg PG, Hohnloser SH. et al. Dabigatran dual therapy with ticagrelor or clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention in atrial fibrillation patients with or without acute coronary syndrome: a subgroup analysis from the RE-DUAL PCI trial. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (19) 1553-1562
- 98 Steffel J, Collins R, Antz M. et al. 2021 European Heart Rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2021; 23 (10) 1612-1676
- 99 Lee SR, Rhee TM, Kang DY, Choi EK, Oh S, Lip GYH. Meta-analysis of oral anticoagulant monotherapy as an antithrombotic strategy in patients with stable coronary artery disease and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2019; 124 (06) 879-885
- 100 Yasuda S, Kaikita K, Akao M. et al; AFIRE Investigators. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2019; 381 (12) 1103-1113
- 101 Di Biase L, Burkhardt JD, Santangeli P. et al. Periprocedural stroke and bleeding complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with different anticoagulation management: results from the Role of Coumadin in Preventing Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation (COMPARE) randomized trial. Circulation 2014; 129 (25) 2638-2644
- 102 Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R. et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14 (10) e275-e444
- 103 Murakawa Y, Yamane T, Goya M. et al; Japanese Heart Rhythm Society Members. Influence of substrate modification in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation on the incidence of acute complications: analysis of 10 795 procedures in J-CARAF Study 2011-2016. J Arrhythm 2018; 34 (04) 435-440
- 104 Hohnloser SH, Camm AJ. Safety and efficacy of dabigatran etexilate during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of the literature. Europace 2013; 15 (10) 1407-1411
- 105 Cappato R, Marchlinski FE, Hohnloser SH. et al; VENTURE-AF Investigators. Uninterrupted rivaroxaban vs. uninterrupted vitamin K antagonists for catheter ablation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2015; 36 (28) 1805-1811
- 106 Calkins H, Willems S, Gerstenfeld EP. et al; RE-CIRCUIT Investigators. Uninterrupted dabigatran versus warfarin for ablation in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2017; 376 (17) 1627-1636
- 107 Kirchhof P, Haeusler KG, Blank B. et al. Apixaban in patients at risk of stroke undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (32) 2942-2955
- 108 Hohnloser SH, Camm J, Cappato R. et al. Uninterrupted edoxaban vs. vitamin K antagonists for ablation of atrial fibrillation: the ELIMINATE-AF trial. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (36) 3013-3021
- 109 Zhao Y, Lu Y, Qin Y. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of uninterrupted periprocedural anticoagulation strategy in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Int J Cardiol 2018; 270: 167-171
- 110 Cardoso R, Knijnik L, Bhonsale A. et al. An updated meta-analysis of novel oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists for uninterrupted anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15 (01) 107-115
- 111 Nakamura K, Naito S, Sasaki T. et al. Uninterrupted vs. interrupted periprocedural direct oral anticoagulants for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a prospective randomized single-centre study on post-ablation thrombo-embolic and haemorrhagic events. Europace 2019; 21 (02) 259-267
- 112 Yu HT, Shim J, Park J. et al. When is it appropriate to stop non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation? A multicentre prospective randomized study. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (19) 1531-1537
- 113 Nogami A, Harada T, Sekiguchi Y. et al; ABRIDGE-J (ABlation peRIoperative DabiGatran in use Envisioning in Japan) Investigators. Safety and efficacy of minimally interrupted dabigatran vs uninterrupted warfarin therapy in adults undergoing atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2 (04) e191994
- 114 Takahashi N, Mukai Y, Kimura T. et al; KYU-RABLE Investigators. Efficacy and safety of uninterrupted periprocedural edoxaban in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation - the prospective KYU-RABLE study. Circ J 2019; 83 (10) 2017-2024
- 115 Schiele F, van Ryn J, Canada K. et al. A specific antidote for dabigatran: functional and structural characterization. Blood 2013; 121 (18) 3554-3562
- 116 Pollack Jr CV, Reilly PA, Eikelboom J. et al. Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal. N Engl J Med 2015; 373 (06) 511-520
- 117 Pollack Jr CV, Reilly PA, van Ryn J. et al. Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal - full cohort analysis. N Engl J Med 2017; 377 (05) 431-441
- 118 Eikelboom JW, van Ryn J, Reilly P. et al. Dabigatran reversal with idarucizumab in patients with renal impairment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74 (14) 1760-1768
- 119 Fanikos J, Murwin D, Gruenenfelder F. et al. Global use of idarucizumab in clinical practice: outcomes of the RE-VECTO surveillance program. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120 (01) 27-35
- 120 Lu G, DeGuzman FR, Hollenbach SJ. et al. A specific antidote for reversal of anticoagulation by direct and indirect inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa. Nat Med 2013; 19 (04) 446-451
- 121 Siegal DM, Curnutte JT, Connolly SJ. et al. Andexanet alfa for the reversal of factor Xa inhibitor activity. N Engl J Med 2015; 373 (25) 2413-2424
- 122 Connolly SJ, Crowther M, Eikelboom JW. et al; ANNEXA-4 Investigators. Full study report of andexanet alfa for bleeding associated with factor Xa inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (14) 1326-1335
- 123 Chang TY, Chan YH, Chiang CE. et al. Risks and outcomes of gastrointestinal malignancies in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients experiencing gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide cohort study. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17 (10) 1745-1751
- 124 Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS. et al. Clinical significance of hematuria in atrial fibrillation with oral anticoagulation therapy. Circ J 2017; 81 (02) 158-164
- 125 Glikson M, Wolff R, Hindricks G. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. EHRA/EAPCI expert consensus statement on catheter-based left atrial appendage occlusion - an update. Europace 2019; DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz258.
- 126 Whitlock RP, Belley-Cote EP, Paparella D. et al; LAAOS III Investigators. Left atrial appendage occlusion during cardiac surgery to prevent stroke. N Engl J Med 2021; 384 (22) 2081-2091
- 127 Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG. et al; PROTECT AF Investigators. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2009; 374 (9689): 534-542
- 128 Holmes Jr DR, Kar S, Price MJ. et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure device in patients with atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy: the PREVAIL trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64 (01) 1-12
- 129 Reddy VY, Holmes D, Doshi SK, Neuzil P, Kar S. Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the Continued Access Registry. Circulation 2011; 123 (04) 417-424
- 130 Holmes Jr DR, Doshi SK, Kar S. et al. Left atrial appendage closure as an alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a patient-level meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65 (24) 2614-2623
- 131 Osmancik P, Tousek P, Herman D. et al; PRAGUE-17 Investigators. Interventional left atrial appendage closure vs novel anticoagulation agents in patients with atrial fibrillation indicated for long-term anticoagulation (PRAGUE-17 study). Am Heart J 2017; 183: 108-114
- 132 Osmancik P, Herman D, Neuzil P. et al; PRAGUE-17 Trial Investigators. Left atrial appendage closure versus direct oral anticoagulants in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75 (25) 3122-3135
- 133 Boersma LV, Ince H, Kische S. et al; EWOLUTION Investigators. Efficacy and safety of left atrial appendage closure with WATCHMAN in patients with or without contraindication to oral anticoagulation: 1-year follow-up outcome data of the EWOLUTION trial. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14 (09) 1302-1308
- 134 Mazzone P, D'Angelo G, Regazzoli D. et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure with WATCHMAN™ device: peri-procedural and mid-term outcomes from the TRAPS registry. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2018; 52 (01) 47-52
- 135 Boersma LV, Ince H, Kische S. et al; following investigators and institutions participated in the EWOLUTION study. Evaluating real-world clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients receiving the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage closure technology: final 2-year outcome data of the EWOLUTION trial focusing on history of stroke and hemorrhage. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12 (04) e006841
- 136 Aonuma K, Yamasaki H, Nakamura M. et al. Percutaneous WATCHMAN left atrial appendage closure for Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at increased risk of thromboembolism - first results from the SALUTE trial. Circ J 2018; 82 (12) 2946-2953
- 137 Phillips KP, Santoso T, Sanders P. et al. Left atrial appendage closure with WATCHMAN in Asian patients: 2μyear outcomes from the WASP registry. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2019; 23: 100358
- 138 Bajaj NS, Parashar A, Agarwal S. et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and analysis of observational studies. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7 (03) 296-304
- 139 Badheka AO, Chothani A, Mehta K. et al. Utilization and adverse outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation in the United States: influence of hospital volume. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8 (01) 42-48
- 140 Lempereur M, Aminian A, Freixa X. et al. Device-associated thrombus formation after left atrial appendage occlusion: a systematic review of events reported with the Watchman, the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug and the Amulet. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 90 (05) E111-E121
- 141 Fauchier L, Cinaud A, Brigadeau F. et al. Device-related thrombosis after percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71 (14) 1528-1536
- 142 Fauchier L, Cinaud A, Brigadeau F. et al. Major adverse events with percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 (20) 2638-2640
- 143 Sedaghat A, Vij V, Al-Kassou B. et al. Device-related thrombus after left atrial appendage closure: data on thrombus characteristics, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes from the EUROC-DRT-registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14 (05) e010195
- 144 Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Buchbinder M. et al. The Assessment of the Watchman Device in Patients Unsuitable for Oral Anticoagulation (ASAP-TOO) trial. Am Heart J 2017; 189: 68-74
- 145 Reddy VY, Akehurst RL, Armstrong SO, Amorosi SL, Beard SM, Holmes Jr DR. Time to cost-effectiveness following stroke reduction strategies in AF: warfarin versus NOACs versus LAA closure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (24) 2728-2739
- 146 Reddy VY, Akehurst RL, Gavaghan MB, Amorosi SL, Holmes Jr DR. Cost-effectiveness of left atrial appendage closure for stroke reduction in atrial fibrillation: analysis of pooled, 5-year, long-term data. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8 (13) e011577
- 147 Pathak RK, Elliott A, Middeldorp ME. et al. Impact of CARDIOrespiratory FITness on arrhythmia recurrence in obese individuals with atrial fibrillation: the CARDIO-FIT study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (09) 985-996
- 148 Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Lau DH. et al. Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation and implications for the outcome of ablation: the ARREST-AF cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64 (21) 2222-2231
- 149 Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Meredith M. et al. Long-term effect of goal-directed weight management in an atrial fibrillation cohort: a long-term follow-up study (LEGACY). J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65 (20) 2159-2169
- 150 Lim C, Kim TH, Yu HT. et al. Effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of adverse events in atrial fibrillation: from the COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation (CODE-AF) registry. Europace 2021; 23 (04) 548-556
- 151 Joung B. Risk factor management for atrial fibrillation. Korean Circ J 2019; 49 (09) 794-807
- 152 Kim TH, Yang PS, Yu HT. et al. Effect of hypertension duration and blood pressure level on ischaemic stroke risk in atrial fibrillation: nationwide data covering the entire Korean population. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (10) 809-819
- 153 Kim D, Yang PS, Kim TH. et al. Ideal blood pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72 (11) 1233-1245
- 154 Lee SS, Ae Kong K, Kim D. et al. Clinical implication of an impaired fasting glucose and prehypertension related to new onset atrial fibrillation in a healthy Asian population without underlying disease: a nationwide cohort study in Korea. Eur Heart J 2017; 38 (34) 2599-2607
- 155 Lee SR, Choi EK, Ahn HJ, Han KD, Oh S, Lip GYH. Association between clustering of unhealthy lifestyle factors and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2020; 10 (01) 19224
- 156 Lee JH, Yang PS, Yu HT. et al. Association of cardiovascular health and incident atrial fibrillation in elderly population. Heart 2021; DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318858.
- 157 Wang TJ, Parise H, Levy D. et al. Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA 2004; 292 (20) 2471-2477
- 158 Baek YS, Yang PS, Kim TH. et al. Associations of abdominal obesity and new-onset atrial fibrillation in the general population. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (06) 6
- 159 Abed HS, Wittert GA, Leong DP. et al. Effect of weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management on symptom burden and severity in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 310 (19) 2050-2060
- 160 Lim YM, Yang PS, Jang E. et al. Body mass index variability and long-term risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in the general population: a Korean nationwide cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94 (02) 225-235
- 161 Middeldorp ME, Pathak RK, Meredith M. et al. PREVEntion and regReSsive Effect of weight-loss and risk factor modification on Atrial Fibrillation: the REVERSE-AF study. Europace 2018; 20 (12) 1929-1935
- 162 Kang SH, Choi EK, Han KD. et al. Underweight is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215: 449-456
- 163 Lee HJ, Choi EK, Han KD. et al. Bodyweight fluctuation is associated with increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17 (03) 365-371
- 164 Overvad TF, Rasmussen LH, Skjøth F, Overvad K, Lip GY, Larsen TB. Body mass index and adverse events in patients with incident atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 2013; 126 (07) 640.e9-640.e17
- 165 Proietti M, Guiducci E, Cheli P, Lip GY. Is there an obesity paradox for outcomes in atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant trials. Stroke 2017; 48 (04) 857-866
- 166 Lee SR, Choi EK, Jung JH. et al. Body mass index and clinical outcomes in asian patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulation. Stroke 2021; 52 (02) 521-530
- 167 Larsson SC, Drca N, Wolk A. Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: a prospective study and dose-response meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64 (03) 281-289
- 168 Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010; 138 (05) 1093-1100
- 169 Overvad TF, Rasmussen LH, Skjøth F. et al. Alcohol intake and prognosis of atrial fibrillation. Heart 2013; 99 (15) 1093-1099
- 170 Lee SR, Choi EK, Jung JH, Han KD, Oh S, Lip GYH. Lower risk of stroke after alcohol abstinence in patients with incident atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur Heart J 2021; DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab315.
- 171 Voskoboinik A, Kalman JM, De Silva A. et al. Alcohol abstinence in drinkers with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 (01) 20-28
- 172 Choi YJ, Han KD, Choi EK. et al. Alcohol abstinence and the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Care 2021; 44: 1393-1401
- 173 Chamberlain AM, Agarwal SK, Folsom AR. et al. Smoking and incidence of atrial fibrillation: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Heart Rhythm 2011; 8 (08) 1160-1166
- 174 Zhu W, Yuan P, Shen Y, Wan R, Hong K. Association of smoking with the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Cardiol 2016; 218: 259-266
- 175 Kwon S, Kim TJ, Choi EK. et al. Predictors of ischemic stroke for low-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: a matched case-control study. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18 (05) 702-708
- 176 Lee SR, Choi EK, Jung JH, Han KD, Oh S, Lip GYH. Smoking cessation after diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke and death. J Clin Med 2021; 10 (11) 10
- 177 Kim IS, Yang PS, Lee J. et al. Long-term exposure of fine particulate matter air pollution and incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: a nationwide cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2019; 283: 178-183
- 178 Kim IS, Yang PS, Jang E. et al. Long-term PM2.5 exposure and the clinical application of machine learning for predicting incident atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2020; 10 (01) 16324
- 179 Mozaffarian D, Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Siscovick D. Physical activity and incidence of atrial fibrillation in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Circulation 2008; 118 (08) 800-807
- 180 Hegbom F, Stavem K, Sire S, Heldal M, Orning OM, Gjesdal K. Effects of short-term exercise training on symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2007; 116 (01) 86-92
- 181 Osbak PS, Mourier M, Kjaer A, Henriksen JH, Kofoed KF, Jensen GB. A randomized study of the effects of exercise training on patients with atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 2011; 162 (06) 1080-1087
- 182 Faselis C, Kokkinos P, Tsimploulis A. et al. Exercise capacity and atrial fibrillation risk in veterans: a cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91 (05) 558-566
- 183 Jin MN, Yang PS, Song C. et al. Physical activity and risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study in general population. Sci Rep 2019; 9 (01) 13270
- 184 Abdulla J, Nielsen JR. Is the risk of atrial fibrillation higher in athletes than in the general population? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 2009; 11 (09) 1156-1159
- 185 Ahn HJ, Lee SR, Choi EK. et al. Association between exercise habits and stroke, heart failure, and mortality in Korean patients with incident atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18 (06) e1003659
- 186 Lim J, Lee SR, Choi EK. et al. Exercise and the risk of dementia in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study. J Clin Med 2021; 10 (14) 10
- 187 Elias P, Poterucha TJ, Jain SS. et al. The prognostic value of electrocardiogram at presentation to emergency department in patients with COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95 (10) 2099-2109
- 188 Musikantow DR, Turagam MK, Sartori S. et al. Atrial fibrillation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: incidence, predictors, outcomes, and comparison to influenza. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 7 (09) 1120-1130
- 189 Lip GYH, Genaidy A, Tran G, Marroquin P, Estes C. Incident atrial fibrillation and its risk prediction in patients developing COVID-19: a machine learning based algorithm approach. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 91: 53-58
- 190 Romiti GF, Corica B, Lip GYH, Proietti M. Prevalence and impact of atrial fibrillation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10 (11) 10
- 191 Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D. et al; Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group, Endorsed by the ISTH, NATF, ESVM, and the IUA, Supported by the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75 (23) 2950-2973
- 192 Emren ZY, Şenöz O, Erseçgin A, Emren SV. Evaluation of bleeding rate and time in therapeutic range in patients using warfarin before and during the COVID-19 pandemic-warfarin treatment in COVID-19. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021;27:10760296211021495
- 193 Papakonstantinou PE, Borovac JA, Gąsecka A. et al. Anticoagulation therapy in non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the COVID-19 era: is it time to reconsider our therapeutic strategy?. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab021.
- 194 Li X, Zuo C, Lu W. et al. Evaluation of Remote pharmacist-led outpatient service for geriatric patients on rivaroxaban for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11: 1275
- 195 Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Gupta A. et al; Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group. Pharmacological agents targeting thromboinflammation in COVID-19: review and implications for future research. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120 (07) 1004-1024
- 196 Fumagalli S, Trevisan C, Del Signore S. et al; GeroCovid Working Group. COVID-19 and atrial fibrillation in older patients: does oral anticoagulant therapy provide a survival benefit?-An insight from the GeroCovid Registry. Thromb Haemost 2021
- 197 Denas G, Gennaro N, Ferroni E. et al. Reduction in all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients on chronic oral anticoagulation: a population-based propensity score matched study. Int J Cardiol 2021; 329: 266-269
- 198 Nadkarni GN, Lala A, Bagiella E. et al. Anticoagulation, bleeding, mortality, and pathology in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76 (16) 1815-1826
- 199 Rivera-Caravaca JM, Buckley BJR, Harrison SL. et al. Direct-acting oral anticoagulants use prior to COVID-19 diagnosis and associations with 30-day clinical outcomes. Thromb Res 2021; 205: 1-7
- 200 Talasaz AH, Sadeghipour P, Kakavand H. et al. Recent randomized trials of antithrombotic therapy for patients with COVID-19: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77 (15) 1903-1921
- 201 Lawler PR, Goligher EC, Berger JS. et al; ATTACC Investigators, ACTIV-4a Investigators, REMAP-CAP Investigators. Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in noncritically ill patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 385 (09) 790-802
- 202 Bikdeli B, Talasaz AH, Rashidi F. et al. Intermediate-dose versus standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit: 90-day results from the INSPIRATION randomized trial. Thromb Haemost 2021
- 203 Sadeghipour P, Talasaz AH, Rashidi F. et al; INSPIRATION Investigators. Effect of intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation on thrombotic events, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment, or mortality among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit: the INSPIRATION randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2021; 325 (16) 1620-1630
- 204 Lopes RD, de Barros E Silva PGM, Furtado RHM. et al; ACTION Coalition COVID-19 Brazil IV Investigators. Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration (ACTION): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2021; 397 (10291): 2253-2263
- 205 Gerotziafas GT, Catalano M, Theodorou Y. et al; Scientific Reviewer Committee. The COVID-19 pandemic and the need for an integrated and equitable approach: an international expert consensus paper. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121 (08) 992-1007
- 206 Ford GA, Hargroves D, Lowe D. et al. Targeted atrial fibrillation (AF) detection in COVID-19 vaccination clinics. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2021; 7 (06) 526-528
- 207 Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Alamowitch S. et al; Scientific Reviewer Committee. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and thrombosis: an expert consensus on vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121 (08) 982-991