Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000018.xml
Facial Plast Surg 2022; 38(01): 013-020
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732480
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732480
Original Article
The Merits of the External Rhinoplasty
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/fps/202201/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0041-1732480_210095oa-1.jpg)
Abstract
The authors present their views on the merits of external rhinoplasty in the context of a renewed awareness of the endonasal approach. Why do we continue to perform rhinoplasty via an open approach? The benefits of this technique such as its unparalleled exposure, the opportunity for technical precision, and the ability to better preserve nasal function are thoroughly explored. The criticisms of this technique are presented and discussed. The authors thoughts on rhinoplasty as a whole are examined.
Publication History
Article published online:
29 July 2021
© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Sercer A. Dekortikation der Nase. Chirugie Maxillofac-Plast (Zagreb) 1958; 1: 49
- 2 Adamson PA, Galli SK. Rhinoplasty approaches: current state of the art. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7 (01) 32-37
- 3 Padovan T. External approach in rhinoplasty (decortication). Symp ORL 1966; 4: 354-360
- 4 Gunter JP. The merits of the open approach in rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99 (03) 863-867
- 5 Goodman WS. Septo-rhinoplasty: surgery of the nasal tip by external rhinoplasty. J Laryngol Otol 1980; 94 (05) 485-494
- 6 Goodman WS. External approach to rhinoplasty. Can J Otolaryngol 1973; 2 (03) 207-210
- 7 Goodman WS, Charbonneau PA. External approach to rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope 1974; 84 (12) 2195-2201
- 8 Goodman WS, Charles DA. Technique of external rhinoplasty. J Otolaryngol 1978; 7 (01) 13-17
- 9 Goodman WS. Recent advances in external rhinoplasty. J Otolaryngol 1981; 10 (06) 433-439
- 10 Anderson JR, Johnson Jr CM, Adamson P. Open rhinoplasty: an assessment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1982; 90 (02) 272-274
- 11 Wright WK, Kridel RW. External septorhinoplasty: a tool for teaching and for improved results. Laryngoscope 1981; 91 (06) 945-951
- 12 Stone JW. External rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope 1980; 90 (10 Pt 1): 1626-1630
- 13 Goodman WS, Charbonneau PA. External approach to rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope 2015; 125 (07) 1505-1511
- 14 Adamson PA, Constantinides M, Kim AJ, Pearlman S. Rhinoplasty: panel discussion. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2014; 22 (01) 25-55
- 15 Zijlker TD, Adamson PA. Open structure rhinoplasty. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1993; 18 (02) 125-134
- 16 Palma P, Khodaei I. Rediscovering the Lost Art of Endonasal Rhinoplasty. PMFA News. 2013
- 17 Gilman SL. Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery. Princeton University Press; Princeton NJ: 1999
- 18 Cirillo DP. Maxilla-premaxilla approach to septal surgery in the cosmetic patient. Ann Plast Surg 1988; 21 (01) 49-54
- 19 Johnson Jr CM, Toriumi DM. Eds. Open Structure Rhinoplasty. WB Saunders; Philadelphia, PA: 1990
- 20 Perkins SW. The evolution of the combined use of endonasal and external columellar approaches to rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2004; 12 (01) 35-50
- 21 Rethi A. Operation to shorten an excessively long nose. Rev Chir Plast 1934; 2: 85
- 22 Cafferty A, Becker DG. Open and closed rhinoplasty. Clin Plast Surg 2016; 43 (01) 17-27
- 23 Adamson PA, Litner J. Open rhinoplasty. In: Papel ID. ed. Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 3rd edition. New York: Thieme; 2009: 529-546
- 24 Adamson PA. Open rhinoplasty. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1987; 20 (04) 837-852
- 25 Fedok FG. Primary rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2016; 24 (03) 323-335
- 26 Smith O, Goodman W. Open rhinoplasty: its past and future. J Otolaryngol 1993; 22 (01) 21-25
- 27 Zijlker TD, Adamson PA. Open structure rhinoplasty. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1993; 18 (02) 125-134
- 28 Padovan JF. External approach in rhinoplasty. In: Conley J, Dickinson JT. eds. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Face and Neck. Stuttgart, Germany: George Thieme Verlag; 1972: 1143-1146
- 29 Toriumi DM, Mueller RA, Grosch T, Bhattacharyya TK, Larrabee Jr WF. Vascular anatomy of the nose and the external rhinoplasty approach. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 122 (01) 24-34
- 30 Johnson CMJ, Toriumi DM. Open Structure Rhinoplasty. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1991
- 31 Gunter JP, Rohrich RJ. Correction of the pinched nasal tip with alar spreader grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992; 90 (05) 821-829
- 32 Gunter JP, Friedman RM. Lateral crural strut graft: technique and clinical applications in rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99 (04) 943-952 , discussion 953–955
- 33 Gunter JP, Rohrich RJ. External approach for secondary rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987; 80 (02) 161-174
- 34 Gunter JP, Clark CP, Friedman RM. Internal stabilization of autogenous rib cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty: a barrier to cartilage warping. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 100 (01) 161-169
- 35 Quilligan JJ, Everton DM, Burgers LP, Robinson B. (External (combination) rhinoplasty approach for the problem nose. J Otolaryngol 1985; 14: 192-196
- 36 Briant TD, Middleton WG. The management of severe nasal septal deformities. J Otolaryngol 1985; 14 (02) 120-124
- 37 Crysdale WS, Tatham B. External septorhinoplasty in children. Laryngoscope 1985; 95 (01) 12-16
- 38 Becker DG. The powered rasp: advanced instrumentation for rhinoplasty. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2002; 4 (04) 267-268
- 39 Kamer FM, McQuown SA. Revision rhinoplasty. Analysis and treatment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988; 114 (03) 257-266
- 40 Bagal AA, Adamson PA. Revision rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 2002; 18 (04) 233-244
- 41 Adamson PA, Gantous A. Once upon a rhinoplasty: the history of the “queen” of facial plastic surgery. Facial Plast Surg 2019; 35 (04) 322-339
- 42 Adamson P, Smith O, Cole P. The effect of cosmetic rhinoplasty on nasal patency. Laryngoscope 1990; 100 (04) 357-359
- 43 Constantian MB, Clardy RB. The relative importance of septal and nasal valvular surgery in correcting airway obstruction in primary and secondary rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 98 (01) 38-54 , discussion 55–58
- 44 Constantinides MS, Adamson PA, Cole P. The long-term effects of open cosmetic septorhinoplasty on nasal air flow. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 122 (01) 41-45
- 45 Niechajev I. Comparison of various rhinoplast techniques and long-term results (Editor's invited commentary). Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015; 39: 474-477
- 46 Johnson Jr CM, Toriumi DM. Open structure rhinoplasty—the concept. In: Johnson Jr CM, Toriumi DM. eds. Open Structure Rhinoplasty. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1990: 3-8
- 47 Goldman IB. Panel: questions and answers on rhinoplasty. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon 1957; 36 (08) 476-477
- 48 Foda HM. External rhinoplasty: a critical analysis of 500 cases. J Laryngol Otol 2003; 117 (06) 473-477
- 49 Sheen JH. Sheen's approach. In: Gunter JP, Rohrich RJ, William Jr PA. eds. Dallas Rhinoplasty: Nasal Surgery by the Masters. St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing Inc; 2002: 1076-107
- 50 Adamson PA, Smith O, Tropper GJ. Incision and scar analysis in open (external) rhinoplasty. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116 (06) 671-675
- 51 Berghaus A. Modern rhinoplasty: is there a place for the closed approach?. Facial Plast Surg 2016; 32 (04) 402-408
- 52 Vuyk HD, Olde Kalter P. Open septorhinoplasty. Experiences in 200 patients. Rhinology 1993; 31 (04) 175-182
- 53 Rohrich RJ, Gunter JP, Friedman RM. Nasal tip blood supply: an anatomic study validating the safety of the transcolumellar incision in rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995; 95 (05) 795-799 , discussion 800–801
- 54 Gassner HG, Mueller-Vogt U, Strutz J, Kuehnel T. Nasal tip recontouring in primary rhinoplasty: the endonasal complete release approach. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2013; 15 (01) 11-16
- 55 Guerrerosantos J. Open rhinoplasty without skin-columella incision. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990; 85 (06) 955-960
- 56 Dayan S, Kanodia R. Has the pendulum swung too far?: trends in the teaching of endonasal rhinoplasty. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2009; 11 (06) 414-416
- 57 Chatrath P, De Cordova J, Nouraei SA, Ahmed J, Saleh HA. Objective assessment of facial asymmetry in rhinoplasty patients. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2007; 9 (03) 184-187