RSS-Feed abonnieren
![](/products/assets/desktop/img/oa-logo.png)
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729512
Distant Metastasis in Carcinoma Oral Cavity: Incidence and Prognostic Factors
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00050348/202101/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-0041-1729512-1.jpg)
Abstract
Aim The predominant pattern of failure for oral carcinoma is locoregional failure. With improvement in locoregional control, incidence of distant metastasis has increased. Reported incidence of distant metastasis is 8 to 10%. With an aim to define incidence and predictive factors for distant metastasis posttreatment of oral cavity cancer, the present analysis was done.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 531 patients who underwent surgery for oral cavity carcinoma from August 2013 to December 2017. All patients had undergone surgery followed by adjuvant treatment as per histopathology report.
Results The median age of the cohort was 49 years. The median follow-up of alive patients was 21 months (range: 1–56 months). Locoregional recurrence seen in 61, distant metastasis in 23, and 72 patients had locoregional recurrence with distant metastasis. Total incidence of distant metastasis was 18% (95 patients) with median detection 7 months’ posttreatment. The sites of distant metastasis were: lung in 49 patients, bone in 9 patients, and multiple sites in 37 patients. Nodal stage (N2 and N3), differentiation, young age, and perineural invasion were associated with higher incidence of distant metastasis on multivariate analysis.
Conclusion The incidence of distant metastasis was found to be higher as compared with published literature. Possibility of adjuvant systemic therapy may be explored in future studies.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
28. Mai 2021
© 2021. Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India
-
References
- 1 Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M. GLOBOCAN 2012: estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012 v1.0, IARC Cancer Base No. 11. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359-E386
- 2 Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018; 68 (06) 394-424
- 3 Marioni G, Blandamura S, Calgaro N. et al. Distant muscular (gluteus maximus muscle) metastasis from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2005; 125 (06) 678-682
- 4 Bhandari V. Incidence of bone metastasis in carcinoma buccal mucosa. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2016; 37 (02) 70-73
- 5 Talmi YP, Cotlear D, Waller A. et al. Distant metastases in terminal head and neck cancer patients. J Laryngol Otol 1997; 111 (05) 454-458
- 6 Bernier J, Domenge C, Ozsahin M. et al. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Trial 22931. Postoperative irradiation with or without concomitant chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (19) 1945-1952
- 7 Cooper JS, Pajak TF, Forastiere AA. et al. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9501/Intergroup. Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (19) 1937-1944
- 8 Sumioka S, Sawai NY, Kishino M, Ishihama K, Minami M, Okura M. Risk factors for distant metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71 (07) 1291-1297
- 9 Holsinger F, Dong W, Bekele N, Weber R, Kies M, Glisson B. Clinicopathological predictor of distant metastasis in head and neck cancers. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27 (15) (Suppl. 01) 6086
- 10 Duprez F, Berwouts D, De Neve W. et al. Distant metastases in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2017; 39 (09) 1733-1743
- 11 Listl S, Jansen L, Stenzinger A. et al. GEKID Cancer Survival Working Group. Survival of patients with oral cavity cancer in Germany. PLoS One 2013; 8 (01) e53415
- 12 Wiegand S, Zimmermann A, Wilhelm T, Werner JA. Survival after distant metastasis in head and neck cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35 (10) 5499-5502
- 13 Pignon JP, le Maître A, Maillard E, Bourhis J. MACH-NC Collaborative Group. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): an update on 93 randomised trials and 17,346 patients. Radiother Oncol 2009; 92 (01) 4-14
- 14 Patil VM, Noronha V, Joshi A. et al. Comparison of paclitaxel-cetuximab chemotherapy versus metronomic chemotherapy consisting of methotrexate and celecoxib as palliative chemotherapy in head and neck cancers. Indian J Cancer 2017; 54 (01) 20-24
- 15 Noronha V, Joshi A, Patil VM. et al. Once-a-week versus once-every-3-weeks cisplatin chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer: a phase III randomized noninferiority trial. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36 (11) 1064-1072