Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2021; 15(04): 647-652
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727552
Original Article

Evaluation of Salivary Leptin Levels and Its Correlation with Class I, Class II, and Class III Facial Skeletal Pattern: A Prefatory Study

Danusha Siva Dharma
1   Department of Bioscience, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
,
Noraini Abu Bakar
2   Department of Orthodontics, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
,
Basma Ezzat Mustafa
3   Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
› Author Affiliations Funding We would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Education and the International Islamic University Malaysia joint grant, FRGS RACER-19-030-0030 for funding this study.
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to assess and compare the salivary leptin hormone levels between different classes of facial skeletal pattern (Class I, II, and III).

Materials and Methods A sample of 62 patients were selected prior to the orthodontic treatment from a population that attended the International Islamic University Malaysia Specialist Orthodontic Clinic. Based on the lateral cephalometric analysis, the subjects were grouped into Class I, Class II, and Class III facial skeletal patterns, according to Eastman and Wits appraisal. Subsequently, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and purified to undergo leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to determine the levels of leptin hormone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the data obtained.

Results The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of leptin hormone between Class I and Class II skeletal patterns and between Class I and Class III facial skeletal patterns. No statistical difference was noted between the levels of leptin of Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns.

Conclusion Salivary leptin hormone levels are higher in patients with Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns compared with Class I.

Keywords

salivary leptin hormone - facial skeletal pattern - dental malocclusion


Publication History

Article published online:
24 August 2021

© 2021. European Journal of Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Zhang Y, Chua Jr. S. Leptin function and regulation. Compr Physiol 2017; 8 (01) 351-369 Doi: DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160041.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 La Cava A. Leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. Cytokine. 2017; 98: 51-58 Doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.011.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Malik I, Durairajanayagam D, Singh H. Leptin and its actions on reproduction in males. Asian J Androl. 2019; 21 (03) 296-299 Doi: DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_98_18.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Reid IR, Baldock PA, Cornish J. Effects of Leptin on the Skeleton. Endocr Rev. 2018; 39 (06) 938-959 Doi: DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00226.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 La A Cava, Matarese G. The weight of leptin in immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4 (05) 371-379
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Purwar P, Khan MA, Mahdi AA. et al Salivary and serum leptin concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2015; 86 (04) 588-594
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Upadhyay J, Farr OM, Mantzoros CS. The role of leptin in regulating bone metabolism. Metabolism 2015; 64 (01) 105-113
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Xu J-C, Wu G-H, Zhou L-L, Yang X-J, Liu J-T. Leptin improves osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow stroma stem cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20 (16) 3507-3513
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Zhang B, Yang L, Zeng Z. et al Leptin potentiates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the activation of JAK/STAT signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29 (08) 498-510
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Holloway WR, Collier FML, Aitken CJ. et al Leptin inhibits osteoclast generation. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17 (02) 200-209
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Bakar NA, Kamil W, Al BayatiL, Mustafa BE. Saliva leptin levels in tooth movement during initial stage of orthodontic alignment: a pilot study. Braz J Oral Sci 2017; 16: 1-8 Doi: DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8651060.
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Yan B, Liu D, Zhang C. et al Obesity attenuates force-induced tooth movement in mice with the elevation of leptin level: a preliminary translational study. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10 (12) 4107-4118
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Srinivasan B, Chitharanjan A, Kailasam V, Lavu V, Ganapathy V. Evaluation of leptin concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement and its correlation to the rate of tooth movement. J Orthod Sci 2019; 8 (01) 6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Shaw K, McIntyre G, Mossey P, Menhinick A, Thomson D. Validation of conventional 2D lateral cephalometry using 3D cone beam CT. J Orthod.. 2013; Mar; 40 (01) 22-28
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Jacobson A. The “Wits” appraisal of jaw disharmony. 1975. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003; 124 (05) 470-479
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Oktay H. A comparison of ANB, WITS, AF-BF, and APDI measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991; 99 (02) 122-128
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Barber SK, Littlewood SJ, Mitchell LCephalometrics. In: An Introduction to Orthodontics (5th Edition). Oxford University Press (OUP), United Kingdom;. 2019; 72-84
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Bellagambi FG, Lomonaco T, Salvo P. et al Saliva sampling: methods and devices. An overview. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; Doi:124 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115781.
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Kubala E, Strzelecka P, Grzegocka M. et al A review of selected studies that determine the physical and chemical properties of saliva in the field of dental treatment. BioMed Res Int 2018; 2018: 6572381
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Thanakun S, Watanabe H, Thaweboon S, Izumi Y. Comparison of salivary and plasma adiponectin and leptin in patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6 (01) 19
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Aydin S. A short history, principles, and types of ELISA, and our laboratory experience with peptide/protein analyses using ELISA. Peptides 2015; 72: 4-15
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Zamora N, Cibrián R, Gandia JL, Paredes V. Study between ANB angle and Wits appraisal in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18 (04) e725-e732
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Gong A, Li J, Wang Z. et al Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: a meta-analysis. Angle Orthod 2016; 86 (04) 668-680
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Almeida KCM, Raveli TB, Vieira CIV, Santos-Pinto AD, Raveli DB. Influence of the cranial base flexion on Class I, II and III malocclusions: a systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; 22 (05) 56-66
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Sanggarnjanavanich S, Sekiya T, Nomura Y, Nakayama T, Hanada N, Nakamura Y. Cranial-base morphology in adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146 (01) 82-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Randeva HS, Karteris E, Lewandowski KC, Sailesh S, O’Hare P, Hillhouse EW. Circadian rhythmicity of salivary leptin in healthy subjects. Mol Genet Metab 2003; 78 (03) 229-235
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Rodrigues L, Espanca R, Costa AR. et al Association between salivary leptin levels and taste perception in children. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017: 7260169
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Idris A, Khamis AG, Ghazali NB, Steele M, Koh D, Tuah NA. Salivary leptin concentrations in Bruneian secondary school children. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016; 6 (04) 335-337
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Khorsand A, Bayani M, Yaghobee S, Torabi S, Kharrazifard MJ, Mohammadnejhad F. Evaluation of salivary leptin levels in healthy subjects and patients with advanced periodontitis. J Dent (Tehran) 2016; 13 (01) 1-9
    Google Scholar