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DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-108643
Erkrankungen der thorakalen Aorta – welche Therapie für welchen Abschnitt?
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
22. Dezember 2015 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/kardiologie-u2d/201504/lookinside/thumbnails/371_10-1055-s-0041-108643-1.jpg)
Abstract
The management of thoracic aortic pathology has been evolving to be truly interdisciplinary. The last few years have witnessed the increasing interplay between the open-surgical and endovascular therapy. Based on this, an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and therapy is highly recommended. The localization and extent of the pathology is currently the main indicator of the preferred therapy, whether complete surgical, hybrid or complete endovascular. For the aortic root and the ascending aorta, the surgical therapy is the first choice. Pathology of the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta are now preferably treated using a hybrid approach, this means a surgical debranching of the aortic arch with endovascular stenting of the aortic arch and the descending aorta. For the descending aorta, the endovascular stenting is considered the therapy of choice.
The management of the thoracic aorta is undergoing continuous development. Aortic arch pathology has been traditionally treated with complete surgical arch replacement under hypothermic circulatory arrest, which was correlated with high cerebrovascular events. The evolution of aortic arch therapy into arch debranching with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion and endovascular stenting of the aorta improved the neurological results and patient survival substantially. The cardiac surgeons are now working on a transapical endovascular therapy for Stanford Type-A aortic dissection. This therapy form is still in an early phase with a few published case reports but it is considered to be an effective adjuvant to the standard surgical therapy of the aorta in the near future.
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Die thorakale Aorta mit ihren Veränderungen und speziellen Erkrankungen ist nicht nur für den Herz- und Gefäßchirurgen eine therapeutische Herausforderung, sondern greift über in weitere Fachgebiete wie die Radiologie und die Angiologie.
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Grundsätzlich stehen 3 therapeutische Optionen im klinischen Alltag zur Verfügung, insbesondere für den Aortenbogen mit seinen supraaortalen Gefäßen: die konventionellen, die hybriden und die rein endovaskulären Verfahren.
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Die konventionelle Chirurgie ist die Methode der Wahl bei Erkrankungen der Aorta ascendens (mit und ohne Aortenklappe) und des Aortenbogens. Im Bereich der Aorta descendens werden vor allem endovaskuläre Stentimplantationen eingesetzt.
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Für jeden Patienten muss ein maßgeschneidertes therapeutisches Konzept erarbeitet werden. Maßgeblich für den Erfolg der eigentlichen operativen/interventionellen Therapieform ist die korrekte Indikationsstellung.
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Die noch sehr neuen Therapiestrategien sollten als ergänzende und nicht als konkurrierende Therapieoptionen bei Erkrankungen der thorakalen Aorta angesehen werden.
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