Augenverätzungen

Die Läsion einer Verätzung und Verbrennung des Auges entsteht durch eine chemische oder physikalische Überlastung der Abwehrkräfte der Augenoberflächen.

Die Gradierung einer Verätzung und Verbrennung reicht vom nur spürbaren Reiz mit Jucken und Brennen über erst sichtbare Veränderungen wie Rötung bis zur Gewebsverletzung mit Verlust von Gewebeanteilen und Nekrosen. Toxikologisch wird die Bewertung einer Verätzung mit Irritation bis hin zur nicht heilenden Verletzung bewertet.

Um Verätzungen und Verbrennungen zu verstehen und adäquat zu behandeln, möchten wir zunächst die Mechanismen von Gewebsschädigung durch physikalische und chemische Einflüsse beschreiben, um dann die klinische Phänomenologie parallel zu den Bewertungen der toxikologischen Substanzklassen nach GHS (global harmonized System) einzuführen. Danach werden die adäquate Erstbehandlung und die folgende spezielle Nachbehandlung der Verätzungskrankheit beschrieben.

• Literatur

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