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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2020; 14(04): 672-682
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715779
Review Article

Peri-implantitis Update: Risk Indicators, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Dinesh Rokaya
1   International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
2   Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterials and Materials for Dental Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
,
Viritpon Srimaneepong
3   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
,
Wichaya Wisitrasameewon
4   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
,
Manoj Humagain
5   Department of Periodontics, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
,
Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
2   Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterials and Materials for Dental Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
6   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract

Despite the success rates of dental implants, peri-implantitis presents as the most common complication in implant dentistry. This review discusses various factors associated with peri-implantitis and various available treatments, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Relevant articles on peri-implantitis published in English were reviewed from August 2010 to April 2020 in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The identified risk indicators of peri-implant diseases are plaque, smoking, history of periodontitis, surface roughness, residual cement, emergence angle >30 degrees, radiation therapy, keratinized tissue width, and function time of the implant, sex, and diabetes. Peri-implantitis treatments can be divided into nonsurgical (mechanical, antiseptic, and antibiotics), surface decontamination (chemical and laser), and surgical (air powder abrasive, resective, and regenerative). However, mechanical debridement alone may fail to eliminate the causative bacteria, and this treatment should be combined with other treatments (antiseptics and surgical treatment). Surface decontamination using chemical agents may be used as an adjuvant treatment; however, the definitive clinical benefit is yet not proven. Laser treatment may result in a short-term decrease in periodontal pocket depth, while air powder abrasive is effective in cleaning a previously contaminated implant surface. Surgical elimination of a pocket, bone recontouring and plaque control are also effective for treating peri-implantitis. The current evidence indicates that regenerative approaches to treat peri-implant defects are unpredictable.

Keywords

dental implants - peri-implantitis - implant complications - decontamination - anti-infective agents - periodontal debridement - bone regeneration


Publication History

Article published online:
03 September 2020

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