Photogrammetric Analysis of Orolabial Region in South Indians

Abstract

In lip reconstructive surgery, knowledge of orolabial dimensions and position according to ethnicity, age, and gender are important to obtain satisfactory results. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information related to these values in South Indians. The objective of the present study was to quantify the orolabial dimensions and position in South Indians. Evaluation of orolabial features was performed on standardized frontal and lateral of 400 South Indian subjects (200 males and 200 females), aged 18 to 30 years. The measured parameters were evaluated by an independent t-test. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in 12 of 13 measurements. Except upper lip reference to E plane, all other linear measurements such as mouth width, philtrum width, lower lip reference to E plane, upper lip height, cutaneous upper lip, upper and lower vermilion height, cutaneous lower lip height, lower lip height, and labiotragial distance were significantly greater in males than females. Angular measurements, interlabial angle, and labiomental angle were significantly greater in females. Clinically significant sexual dimorphism existed for mouth width, labiotragial distance, interlabial angle, and labiomental angle (mean difference > 3 mm). Out of the four orolabial indices, only intercanthal/mouth width indices showed a significant sexual difference. In both sexes, the triangular shape of philtral column was most common. Comparative analysis between South Indians and North American whites revealed significant differences in all measurements and some resemblance to the Han Chinese. The knowledge of the obtained mean values might be useful in the maintenance of the functional and aesthetic quality of this region during surgical planning.

Keywords

orolabial features - sexual dimorphism - facial aesthetics

• References

• 1 Maloney BP. Cosmetic surgery of the lips. Facial Plast Surg 1996; 12 (03) 265-278
• 2 Perkins SW, Sandel IV HD. Anatomic considerations, analysis, and the aging process of the perioral region. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2007; 15 (04) 403-407 , v
• 3 Meyer R, Kesselring UK. Aesthetic surgery in the perioral region. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1976; 1 (01) 61-69
• 4 Jayaratne YS, Deutsch CK, Zwahlen RA. A 3D anthropometric analysis of the orolabial region in Chinese young adults. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51 (08) 908-912
• 5 Farkas LG. Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1994
• 6 Farkas LG, Katic MJ, Hreczko TA, Deutsch C, Munro IR. Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults. Am J Orthod 1984; 86 (01) 52-60
• 7 Othman SA, Majawit LP, Wan Hassan WN, Wey MC, Mohd Razi R. Anthropometric study of three-dimensional facial morphology in Malay adults. PLoS ONE 2016; 11 (10) e0164180
• 8 Goel A, Patnaik V, Puri N. Lip morphometry in 600 North Indian adults: a data base study for sexual dimorphism. Med Sci Law 2015; 55 (01) 16-21
• 9 Wong WW, Davis DG, Camp MC, Gupta SC. Contribution of lip proportions to facial aesthetics in different ethnicities: a three-dimensional analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010; 63 (12) 2032-2039
• 10 Popenko NA, Tripathi PB, Devcic Z, Karimi K, Osann K, Wong BJF. A quantitative approach to determining the ideal female lip aesthetic and its effect on facial attractiveness. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2017; 19 (04) 261-267
• 11 Heidekrueger PI, Szpalski C, Weichman K. , et al. Lip attractiveness: a cross-cultural analysis. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37 (07) 828-836
• 12 Gu Y, McNamara Jr JA, Sigler LM, Baccetti T. Comparison of craniofacial characteristics of typical Chinese and Caucasian young adults. Eur J Orthod 2011; 33 (02) 205-211
• 13 Lemperle G, Anderson R, Knapp TR. An index for quantitative assessment of lip augmentation. Aesthet Surg J 2010; 30 (03) 301-310
• 14 Abdulrasheed I, Eneye AM. Philtral columns and nostril shapes in nigerian children: a morphometric and aesthetic analysis. Plast Surg Int 2013; 2013: 382754
• 15 Mori A, Nakajima T, Kaneko T, Sakuma H, Aoki Y. Analysis of 109 Japanese children's lip and nose shapes using 3-dimensional digitizer. Br J Plast Surg 2005; 58 (03) 318-329
• 16 Daniel E. Re, Nicholas O.Rule. The big man has a big mouth: mouth width correlates with perceived leadership ability and actual leadership performance. J Exp Soc Psychol 2016; 63: 86-93
• 17 Sforza C, Grandi G, Binelli M, Dolci C, De Menezes M, Ferrario VF. Age- and sex-related changes in three-dimensional lip morphology. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 200 (1-3): 182.e1-182.e7