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Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2020; 33(03): 134-143
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402776
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Total Mesorectal Excision Technique—Past, Present, and Future

Joep Knol
1   Department of Abdominal Surgery, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
,
Deborah S. Keller
2   Division of Colorectal Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Publication History

Publication Date:
28 April 2020 (online)

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Abstract

While the treatment of rectal cancer is multimodal, above all, a proper oncological resection is critical. The surgical management of rectal cancer has substantially evolved over the past 100 years, and continues to progress as we seek the best treatment. Rectal cancer was historically an unsurvivable disease, with poor understanding of the embryological planes, lymphatic drainage, and lack of standardized technique. Major improvements in recurrence, survival, and quality of life have resulted from advances in preoperative staging, pathologic assessment, the development and timing of multimodal therapies, and surgical technique. The most significant contribution in advancing rectal cancer care may be the standardization and widespread implementation of total mesorectal excision (TME). The TME, popularized by Professor Heald in the early 1980s as a sharp, meticulous dissection of the tumor and mesorectum with all associated lymph nodes through the avascular embryologic plane, has shown universal reproducible reductions in local recurrence and improvement in disease-free and overall survival. Widespread education and training of surgeons worldwide in the TME have significantly impact outcomes for rectal cancer surgery, and the procedure has become the gold standard for curative resection of rectal cancer. In this article, we discuss the evolution of the standard abdominal approach to the TME, with emphasis on the history, relevant anatomy, standard procedure steps, oncologic outcomes, and technical evolution.

Keywords

rectal cancer - total mesorectal excision (TME) - transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) - holy plane - mesorectal fascia
 

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