Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2019; 13(03): 426-431
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700187
Original Article
Dental Investigation Society

Relational Model between Parental Dental Belief and Formation of Dental Fear among Preschool Children in Indonesia

Arlette Suzy Setiawan 
1   Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
,
Lenny Kendhawati
2   Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
,
Hendriati Agustiani
2   Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
03 December 2019 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective Parents’ behavior and belief can strongly impact preschool children. Parents play an important role in the formation of dental fear. The aim of the research is to analyze parental dental belief model as a source of dental fear among preschool children.

Materials and Methods The research was undertaken at 15 kindergartens in Bandung City, Indonesia, which were chosen by means of multistage cluster random sampling. The participants of the research were parents and children aged 3 to 6. The research involved analysis of quantitative data to assess the relational model between parental dental belief and the formation of dental fear among children. While parental dental belief was measured using the Dental Belief Scale, children’s dental fear was measured using the Indonesian transadaptation of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale based on parents’ report. The results were analyzed statistically by using structural equation modeling which is a combination of regression and factor analysis.

Results The results indicate that the direct effect structural model of parental dental belief significantly fit the formation of dental fear among children in Bandung (t-value = 2.41).

Conclusion The research concludes that parents’ perception and behavior—the latter contributing more—correlate with the formation of dental fear among preschool children.

Keywords

children - dental belief - dental fear - parents
 

  • References

  • 1 Nicolas E, Bessadet M, Collado V, Carrasco P, Rogerleroi V, Hennequin M. Factors affecting dental fear in French children aged 5-12 years. Int J Paediatr Dent 2010; 20 (05) 366-373
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Carter AE, Carter G, Boschen M, AlShwaimi E, George R. Pathways of fear and anxiety in dentistry: a review. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2 (11) 642-653
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Appukuttan D. Strategies to manage patients with dental anxiety and dental phobia: literature review. CCIDE 03/2016; 35-16
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Buldur B, Armfield JM. Development of the Turkish version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+): dental anxiety and concomitant factors in pediatric dental patients. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 42 (04) 279-286
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Setiawan AS, Agustiani H, Kendhawati L. Qualitative study on parental behavior as the source of dental fear development as reported by preschool students in Bandung. Eur J Dent 2018; 12 (04) 480-484
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Wu L, Gao X. Children’s dental fear and anxiety: exploring family related factors. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18 (01) 100
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady DG, Newman TB. Designing Clinical Research. 4. ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013: 1
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Krikken JB, van Wijk AJ, ten Cate JM, Veerkamp JS. Measuring dental fear using the CFSS-DS. Do children and parents agree?. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23 (02) 94-100
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Beena JP. Dental subscale of children’s fear survey schedule and dental caries prevalence. Eur J Dent 2013; 7 (02) 181-185
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Setiawan AS, Amriwijaya J, Fitriana E. Transadapted, reliability, and validity of children fear survey schedule-dental subscale in Bahasa Indonesia. Dent J 2015; 48 (01) 1-6
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Skinner CS, Tiro J, Champion VL. The Health Belief Model. In: Health Behavior Theory, Research, and Practice. Pennsylvania: Jossey-Bass; 2015: 75-80
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Schwarzer R. Self-Efficacy, Thought Control of Action. London: Routledge; 2014: 637
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Setiawan AS, Purwono U. Development of Parental Dental Belief Scale on Child's Dental Fear. Medan: IDGAI; 2015: 1-7
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Creswell JW. Research Design. 2nd. ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publication Inc; 2003: 262 p
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Yoshikawa H, Weisner TS, Kalil A, Way N. Mixing qualitative and quantitative research in developmental science: uses and methodological choices. Dev Psychol 2008; 44 (02) 344-354
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Hair JF. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2010
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Anagnostopoulos F, Buchanan H, Frousiounioti S, Niakas D, Potamianos G. Self-efficacy and oral hygiene beliefs about toothbrushing in dental patients: a model-guided study. Behav Med 2011; 37 (04) 132-139
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Brug J, Oenema A, Ferreira I. Theory, evidence and intervention mapping to improve behavior nutrition and physical activity interventions. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2005; 2 (01) 2
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Brukiene V, Aleksejūniene J. An overview of oral health promotion in adolescents. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19 (03) 163-171
    Google Scholar
  • 20 Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Educ Q 1988; 15 (02) 175-183
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Riekert KA, Ockene JK. Pbert, P. The Handbook of Health Behavior Change. 4th. ed. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2013
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Riekert KA, Ockene JK, Pbert L. Testing the Health Belief Model: LISREL analysis of alternative models of causal relationships between health beliefs and preventive dental behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly. US. American Sociological Assn 1986; 49 (01) 45-60
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Tan BS, Ng KH, Esa R. Health beliefs in oral cancer: Malaysian estate Indian scenario. Patient Educ Couns 2001; 42 (03) 205-211
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 1991; 50 (02) 179-211
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Rogers R. Cognitive and physiological processes in fear based attitude change: a revised theory of protection motivation. In: Cacioppo J, Petty R. eds. Social Psychophysiology: A Sourcebook. New York: The Guildford Press; 2014: 153-176
    Google Scholar
  • 26 Santrock JW. Life-Span Development. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2013
    Google Scholar
  • 27 Nakai Y, Hirakawa T, Milgrom P. et al. The Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale in Japan. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005; 33 (03) 196-204
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar