Download PDF
Open Access
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2009; 03(03): 173-177
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1697428
Original Article
Dental Investigation Society

Effects of Fluorosis and Self Etching Primers on Shear Bond Strengths of Orthodontic Brackets

Authors

  • Ahmet Yalcin Gungor

    a   Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

  • Hakan Turkkahraman

    b   Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

  • Necdet Adanir

    c   Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

  • Huseyin Alkis

    a   Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
27 September 2019 (online)

Also available at
 PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To evaluate the effects fluorosis and self etching primers (SEP) on shear bond strengths (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.

Methods: A total of 48 (24 fluorosed and 24 non-fluorosed) non-carious freshly extracted human permanent premolar teeth were used in this study. Fluorosed teeth were selected according to the modified Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI), which is based on the clinical changes in fluorosed teeth. Fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 12 each. In groups I (non-fluorosed teeth) and II (fluorosed teeth), standard etching protocol was used and brackets were bonded with Light Bond. In groups III (non-fluorosed teeth) and IV (fluorosed teeth), Transbond Plus SEP was used and brackets were bonded with Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive. All specimens were cured with a halogen light. After bonding, SBS of the brackets were tested with Universal testing machine. After debonding, all teeth and brackets in the test groups were examined under 10x magnifications. Any adhesive remained after debonding was assessed and scored according to the modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI).

Results: ANOVA indicated a significant difference between groups (P<.001). SBS in group II (Light Bond+Fluorosis) were significantly lower than other groups. ARI scores of the groups were also significantly different (P<.001). There was a greater frequency of ARI scores of 1,2 and 3 in group II (Light Bond+Fluorosis).

Conclusions: When standard etching protocol was used enamel fluorosis significantly decreased the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Satisfactory bond strengths were obtained when SEP was used for bonding brackets to the fluorosed teeth. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:173-177)

Key words:

Fluorosis - Acid etching - Self etching primers - Shear bond strength - Adhesive remnant index
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Lawson J, Warren JJ, Levy SM, Broffitt B, Bishara SE. Relative esthetic importance of orthodontic and color abnormalities. Angle Orthod 2008;78:889-894.
  • 2 Fejerskov O, Larsen MJ, Richards A, Baelum V. Dental tissue effects of fluoride. Adv Dent Res 1994;8:15-31.
  • 3 Adanir N, Türkkahraman H, Güngör AY. Effects of fluorosis and bleaching on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets. Eur J Dent 2007;1:230-235.
  • 4 Iijima M, Ito S, Yuasa T, Muguruma T, Saito T, Mizoguchi I. Bond strength comparison and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of three orthodontic bonding systems. Dent Mater J 2008;27:392-399.
  • 5 Banks P, Thiruvenkatachari B. Long-term clinical evaluation of bracket failure with a self-etching primer: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthod 2007;34:243-251.
  • 6 Holzmeier M, Ernst CP, Willershausen B, Hirschfelder U. In-vitro shear bond strength of self-etching versus traditional adhesives for orthodontic luting. J Orofac Orthop 2006;67:244-259.
  • 7 Pandis N, Polychronopoulou A, Eliades T. Failure rate of self-ligating and edgewise brackets bonded with conventional acid etching and a self-etching primer: A prospective in vivo study. Angle Orthod 2006;76:119-122.
  • 8 Turk T, Elekdag-Turk S, Isci D. Effects of self-etching primer on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets at different debond times. Angle Orthod 2007;77:108-112.
  • 9 Cal-Neto JP, Carvalho F, Almeida RC, Miguel JA. Evaluation of a new self-etching primer on bracket bond strength in vitro. Angle Orthod 2006;76:466-469.
  • 10 Chalgren R, Combe EC, Wahl AJ. Effects of etchants and primers on shear bond strength of a self-ligating esthetic orthodontic bracket. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:577 e571-575.
  • 11 Faltermeier A, Behr M, Mussig D. A comparative evaluation of bracket bonding with 1-, 2-, and 3-component adhesive systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:144 e141-145.
  • 12 Arnold RW, Combe EC, Warford JH, Jr. Bonding of stainless steel brackets to enamel with a new self-etching primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:274-276.
  • 13 Bishara SE, Ajlouni R, Laffoon JF, Warren JJ. Comparison of shear bond strength of two self-etch primer/adhesive systems. Angle Orthod 2006;76:123-126.
  • 14 Cehreli ZC, Kecik D, Kocadereli I. Effect of self-etching primer and adhesive formulations on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:573-579; quiz 625-576.
  • 15 Olsen ME, Bishara SE, Damon P, Jakobsen JR. Evaluation of Scotchbond Multipurpose and maleic acid as alternative methods of bonding orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111:498-501.
  • 16 Weerasinghe DS, Nikaido T, Wettasinghe KA, Abayakoon JB, Tagami J. Micro-shear bond strength and morphological analysis of a self-etching primer adhesive system to fluorosed enamel. J Dent 2005;33:419-426.
  • 17 Ateyah N, Akpata E. Factors affecting shear bond strength of composite resin to fluorosed human enamel. Oper Dent 2000;25:216-222.
  • 18 Reynolds IR. A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod 1975;2:171-178.
  • 19 Ng’ang’a PM, Ogaard B, Cruz R, Chindia ML, Aasrum E. Tensile strength of orthodontic brackets bonded directly to fluorotic and nonfluorotic teeth: an in vitro comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;102:244-250.
  • 20 Adanir N, Turkkahraman H, Yalcin Gungor A. Effects of adhesion promoters on the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets to fluorosed enamel. Eur J Orthod 2009;31:276-280.
  • 21 Noble J, Karaiskos NE, Wiltshire WA. In vivo bonding of orthodontic brackets to fluorosed enamel using an adhesion promotor. Angle Orthod 2008;78:357-360.