Turkish Validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey

Abstract

The objective of this study is to provide a valid and reliable Turkish version of the original Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS). The SCHNOS questionnaire was translated from English to Turkish using standardized guidelines. Participants completed the questionnaire twice, with an interval of 7 to 10 days. Reliability and validity analyses were performed based on these answers. Differences between the rhinoplasty and control groups, the internal consistency of the instrument (Cronbach's alpha coefficient), and the strength of association between the two repeated measures (Pearson's correlation coefficient) were analyzed. Of the 188 included individuals (106 females, 82 males; mean age 28 ± 8.4 years), 97 were in the rhinoplasty group and 91 were in the control group. The mean total SCHNOS scores were 0.6 ± 0.4 and 29.4 ± 8.9 in the control and rhinoplasty groups, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference in total scores between the groups (p < 0.001). The internal consistency reliability of the scale was found to be highly significant (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96, with a lower 95% confidence interval of 0.89). The test–retest correlation value was 0.95 for the total score, and each item had a strong test–retest correlation, ranging from 0.92 to 0.96. The Turkish version of the SCHNOS is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating both functional and cosmetic outcomes in Turkish-speaking patients undergoing rhinoplasty.

Keywords

rhinoplasty - aesthetics - patient-reported outcome - surveys and questionnaires

• References

• 1 Lalezari S, Daar DA, Mathew PJ, Mowlds DS, Paydar KZ, Wirth GA. Trends in rhinoplasty research: a 20-year bibliometric analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; 42 (04) 1071-1084
• 2 Moubayed SP, Ioannidis JPA, Saltychev M, Most SP. The 10-Item Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) for functional and cosmetic rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018; 20 (01) 37-42
• 3 Saltychev M, Kandathil CK, Abdelwahab M, Spataro EA, Moubayed SP, Most SP. Psychometric properties of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey: item response theory analysis. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018; 20 (06) 519-521
• 4 Saltychev M, Kandathil CK, Abdelwahab M, Spataro EA, Moubayed SP, Most SP. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143 (02) 454e-456e
• 5 Wild D, Grove A, Martin M. , et al; ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health 2005; 8 (02) 94-104
• 6 Cingi C, Songu M, Bal C. Outcomes research in rhinoplasty: body image and quality of life. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 25 (04) 263-267