Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2019; 32(05): 376-382
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688991
Original Research
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effect of the Dog positioning on X-Ray Table on Hip Dysplasia Parameter Evaluation

João Martins
1   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
2   CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
,
Bruno Colaço
2   CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
3   Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
,
2   CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
3   Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
,
José M. Gonzalo Orden
4   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, Spain
,
António J. Ferreira
5   CIISA - Department of Clinics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
,
Mário M. Ginja
2   CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
6   Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

24 October 2018

02 April 2019

Publication Date:
24 May 2019 (online)

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic tilting along the long axis and femoral rotation on Norberg angle (NA), subluxation index (SI) and subluxation category (SC) in the standard ventrodorsal hip extended (VDHE) radiographical view on live animals.

Study Type This was a retrospective clinical study.

Materials and Methods Pairs of VDHE views, one adequately positioned and the other with pelvic tilting or femoral internal or external rotation, were compared for the NA, SI and SC.

Results On the malpositioned pelvis set, on the underside the mean ± SD NA was 98.7 ± 6.1°, the SI was 0.27 ± 0.12 and the SC was 2.8 ± 0.8 versus, on the acceptable set, the NA was 99.2 ± 6.4° (p > 0.05), the SI was 0.25 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05) and the SC was 2.3 ± 0.9 (p < 0.05); on the malpositioned upperside, the NA was 102.1 ± 6.4°, the SI was 0.21 ± 0.14 and the SC was 1.7 ± 1.1 versus, on the acceptable positioned set, the NA was 100.8 ± 6.7° (p < 0.05), the SI was 0.24 ± 0.15 (p < 0.05) and the SC was 2.3 ± 1.2 (p < 0.05). Femoral internal or external rotation sets did not show significant differences between malpositioned and acceptable positioned sets (p > 0.05).

Conclusions In clinical practice, pelvic tilting along the long axis in VDHE view results in non-favourable hip changes in the NA, SI and SC on the underside and favourable on the upperside, and the internal or external femoral rotation did not affect these variables.

Author Contribution

J. Martins contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, drafting of the article, approving submission, agreeing to be accountable for all relevant content of the work. B. Colaço contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, revising the manuscript, approving the submission, agreeing to be accountable for all relevant content of the work. S. Alves-Pimenta contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, revising the manuscript, approving the submission, agreeing to be accountable for all relevant content of the work. J. Gonzalo Orden contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, revising the manuscript, approving the submission, agreeing to be accountable for all relevant content of the work. A. Ferreira contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, revising the manuscript, approving the submission, agreeing to be accountable for all relevant content of the work. M. Ginja contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, revising the manuscript, approving the submission, agreeing to be accountable for all relevant content of the work.


Animal Care

Due to the observational and retrospective nature of the study, the ethical committee approval and the owner consent were waived.


 
  • References

  • 1 Ginja MM, Silvestre AM, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Ferreira AJ. Diagnosis, genetic control and preventive management of canine hip dysplasia: a review. Vet J 2010; 184 (03) 269-276
  • 2 Ginja M, Gaspar AR, Ginja C. Emerging insights into the genetic basis of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015; 6: 193-202
  • 3 Whittington K, Banks WC, Carlson WD. , et al. Report of panel on canine hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1961; 139: 791-806
  • 4 Andronescu AA, Kelly L, Kearney MT, Lopez MJ. Associations between early radiographic and computed tomographic measures and canine hip joint osteoarthritis at maturity. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76 (01) 19-27
  • 5 Kirberger RM. Phenotypic hip and elbow dysplasia trends in Rottweilers and Labrador retrievers in South Africa (2007-2015): are we making progress?. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2017; 88 (00) e1-e10
  • 6 Worth AJ, Cave NJ. A veterinary perspective on preventing injuries and other problems that shorten the life of working dogs. Rev Sci Tech 2018; 37 (01) 161-169
  • 7 Corley EA. Role of the orthopedic foundation for animals in the control of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1992; 22 (03) 579-593
  • 8 Verhoeven G, Coopman F, Duchateau L, Saunders JH, van Rijssen B, van Bree H. Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia using the standard ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic method. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48 (07) 387-393
  • 9 Ginja MM, Silvestre AM, Colaço J. , et al. Hip dysplasia in Estrela mountain dogs: prevalence and genetic trends 1991-2005. Vet J 2009; 182 (02) 275-282
  • 10 Dennis R. Interpretation and use of BVA/KC hip scores in dogs. In Pract 2012; 34: 178-194
  • 11 Genevois JP, Cachon T, Fau D. , et al. Canine hip dysplasia radiographic screening. Prevalence of rotation of the pelvis along its length axis in 7,012 conventional hip extended radiographs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20 (04) 296-298
  • 12 Martins J, Colaço BJ, Alves-Pimenta S, Ferreira AJ, Ginja MM. Effects of pelvis rotation on projected radiographic position of femoral head in relationship to acetabulum. Vet Med (Czech) 2017; 62: 377-385
  • 13 Bausman JA, Wendelburg KL. Evaluation of the effect of pelvic tilt in the coronal plane on the Norberg angle measured in ventrodorsal radiographic views of a canine hip joint bone model. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71 (11) 1348-1353
  • 14 Martins J, Colaço BJ, Alves-Pimenta S, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Ferreira AJ, Ginja MM. Femoral rotation and relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum. Vet Med (Czech) 2017; 62: 589-595
  • 15 Wu CH, Lin CC, Lu Hl, Lu TW, Yeh LS. Effects of pelvic and femoral positioning on canine Norberg angle measurements and test-retest reliability: a computed tomography-based simulation study. Biomed Eng Appl Basis Commun 2014; 26: 14500761-145007618
  • 16 Martins J, Colaço BJ, Ferreira AJ, Ginja MM. Analysis of pelvic rotation on the standard hip ventrodorsal extended radiographic view. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2016; 29 (01) 68-74
  • 17 Henricson B, Norberg I, Olsson SE. On the etiology and pathogenesis of hip dysplasia: a comparative review. J Small Anim Pract 1966; 7 (11) 673-688
  • 18 Gaspar AR, Hayes G, Ginja C, Ginja MM, Todhunter RJ. The Norberg angle is not an accurate predictor of canine hip conformation based on the distraction index and the dorsolateral subluxation score. Prev Vet Med 2016; 135: 47-52
  • 19 Flückiger MA, Friedrich GA, Binder H. A radiographic stress technique for evaluation of coxofemoral joint laxity in dogs. Vet Surg 1999; 28 (01) 1-9
  • 20 Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.; 1988: 19-66
  • 21 Mixdorf M, Tortorici M. Geometric image quality. In: Tortorici M. , ed. Concepts in Medical Radiographic Imaging: Circuitry, Exposure and Quality Control. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992: 310-323
  • 22 Thompson R, Roe SC, Robertson ID. Effects of pelvic positioning and simulated dorsal acetabular rim remodeling on the radiographic shape of the dorsal acetabular edge. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48 (01) 8-13
  • 23 Ginja MM, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Melo-Pinto P. , et al. Early hip laxity examination in predicting moderate and severe hip dysplasia in Estrela mountain dog. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49 (12) 641-646