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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 2019; 08(01): 011-015
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687713
Review Article
Neurological Surgeons' Society of India

Psychosocial Impact of Brain Injury: A Review

Raj Kumar
1   U.P. University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Arushi Kumar
2   Dr. Sampoorna Nand Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
,
Amit Kant Singh
1   U.P. University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 24 September 2018

Accepted after revision: 29 October 2018

Publication Date:
22 April 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known as “silent epidemic” because of lack of knowledge about it and its delayed symptoms of memory and cognitive problems. The incidence is approximately 1.4 million per year in the United States, and in the developing countries, it is approximately 341 per 100,000. In the United States, the annual productivity loss due to TBI and its delayed effects is more than $56 billion. TBIs occur mainly due to traffic accidents and falls. All the age groups are affected, but the rates are higher in men than in women. The causes vary as per the age groups as traumas affect mainly children and elderly, and traffic accidents and violence affect more of adolescents and young adults. Data from various studies indicate wide variation in the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders after TBI, but they are definitely higher as compared with general population. We also noted different psychiatric disorders in post head injury cases during follow-up at our university hospital, which included depression, behavioral disorders, cognitive disorders, memory impairment, anxiety disorders, stress-related headache, vertigo, irritability and sleep disorders, etc. Therefore, this review was undertaken to assess the psychosocial impact of brain injury on an individual.

Keywords

traumatic brain injury - psychiatric disorders - psychological effects - social effects
 

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