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Semin Reprod Med 2018; 36(03/04): 177-182
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675779
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: The History of the Barker Hypothesis and Assisted Reproductive Technology

Olivia J. Carpinello
1   Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
,
Alan H. DeCherney
1   Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
,
Micah J. Hill
1   Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
2   Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
13 March 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Since Barker's publication of “The fetal and infant origins of adult disease” in 1990, significant emphasis has been placed on the intrauterine environment and its effect on adult disease. Historical events such as the Dutch Famine and the 1918 Flu Pandemic have provided organic data about the epigenetic changes that can result from famine, infection, and stress. Mechanisms that allow for intrauterine survival may predispose to adult disease states when the fetus enters a world of abundance. As the field of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has developed and evolved, little attention has been paid to subtle yet significant differences in IVF offspring. Offspring of assisted reproductive technology (ART) have been reported to have higher rates of preterm birth, abnormal fetal size, and birth defects. It is clear that epigenetic modifications may begin as early as pre-pregnancy. These differences are likely not attributable to one factor in the IVF process. Each variable likely plays a subtle role in the epigenetic manipulation of the embryo. Thus, moving forward, physicians should practice with heightened determination to follow the long-term outcomes of the offspring of ART in an effort to further modify and perfect the field.

Keywords

Barker's hypothesis - IVF - epigenetics - ART
 

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